Exam question 1 · Monkeys: kinds, tails and troops

Identify the principal distinction between monkeys and apes.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify · To what, where: principal distinction

This is exam question 1 of lesson 15 «Monkeys: kinds, tails and troops» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 distinction	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 distinction	amod
4	distinction	distinction	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	between	between	ADP	_	6 monkeys	case
6	monkeys	monkey	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 distinction	nmod
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 apes	cc
8	apes	ape	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 monkeys	conj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal distinction				between monkeys and apes	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent distinction=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Apes are invariably smaller than monkeys and possess longer tails

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Apes	ape	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 smaller	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 smaller	cop
3	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	4 smaller	advmod
4	smaller	small	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	10 tails	amod
5	than	than	ADP	_	6 monkeys	case
6	monkeys	monkey	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 smaller	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 possess	cc
8	possess	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 smaller	conj
9	longer	long	ADV	Degree=Cmp	8 possess	advmod
10	tails	tail	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Apes					than monkeys; invariably, small property	tree rules
2	possess	present	Apes not said here					long property	vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot

Option 2

Apes inhabit only the Americas

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Apes	ape	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 inhabit	nsubj
2	inhabit	inhabit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	5 Americas	advmod
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Americas	det
5	Americas	AMERICAS	PROPN	Number=Plur	2 inhabit	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	inhabit	present	Apes	the Americas					tree rules

Option 3

Monkeys possess hands, whereas apes possess hooves

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Monkeys	monkey	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 possess	nsubj
2	possess	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	hands	hand	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 possess	obj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 possess	punct
5	whereas	whereas	DET	PronType=Int	6 apes	det
6	apes	ape	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 possess	nsubj
7	possess	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 possess	conj
8	hooves	hoove	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 possess	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	Monkeys	hands					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot hand=Theme
2	possess	present	whereas apes	hooves					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot hoove=Theme

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Apes possess no tail, whereas most monkeys possess one

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Apes	ape	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 possess	nsubj
2	possess	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 tail	det
4	tail	tail	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 possess	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 possess	punct
6	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	_	9 possess	mark
7	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	8 monkeys	amod
8	monkeys	monkey	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 possess	nsubj
9	possess	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 possess	conj
10	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	9 possess	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	Apes	no tail					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot tail=Theme
2	possess	present	most monkeys	one					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot one=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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