Exam question 2 · Monkeys: kinds, tails and troops

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the prehensile tail?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: prehensile tail

This is exam question 2 of lesson 15 «Monkeys: kinds, tails and troops» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 tail	det
10	prehensile	prehensile	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 tail	amod
11	tail	tail	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
12	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the prehensile tail				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It is characteristic of the monkeys of Africa

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 characteristic	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 characteristic	cop
3	characteristic	characteristic	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 monkeys	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 monkeys	det
6	monkeys	monkey	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 characteristic	nmod
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 Africa	case
8	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 monkeys	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	characteristic				of the monkeys of Africa	tree rules

Option 2

It is characteristic of the great apes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 characteristic	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 characteristic	cop
3	characteristic	characteristic	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 apes	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 apes	det
6	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 apes	amod
7	apes	ape	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 characteristic	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	characteristic				of the great apes	tree rules

Option 3

It is possessed by every species of monkey in Africa, Asia and the Americas

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 possessed	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 possessed	aux:pass
3	possessed	possess	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 species	case
5	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	6 species	det
6	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 possessed	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 monkey	case
8	monkey	monkey	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 species	nmod
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 Africa	case
10	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 possessed	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 Asia	punct
12	Asia	Asia	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 Africa	conj
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 Americas	cc
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 Americas	det
15	Americas	AMERICAS	PROPN	Number=Plur	10 Africa	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present · passive	every species of monkey	It		Africa and Asia and the Americas			vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot subject=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It is confined to certain monkeys of Central and South America

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 confined	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 confined	aux:pass
3	confined	confine	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 monkeys	case
5	certain	certain	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 monkeys	amod
6	monkeys	monkey	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 confined	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 Central	case
8	Central	Central	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 monkeys	nmod
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 South	cc
10	South	South	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 Central	conj
11	America	America	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 South	flat

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	confine	present · passive		It	certain monkeys of Central and South				vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to monkey=Destination

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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