Exam question 4 · Monkeys: kinds, tails and troops

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the vocalisations of howler monkeys.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern, vocalise · To what, where: response, vocalisations, howler monkeys

This is exam question 4 of lesson 15 «Monkeys: kinds, tails and troops» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 vocalisations	det
11	vocalisations	vocalisation	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 monkeys	case
13	howler	howler	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 monkeys	compound
14	monkeys	monkey	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 vocalisations	nmod
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the vocalisations of howler monkeys		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus vocalisation=Experiencer
4	vocalise			howler monkeys		nom vocalisation «communication transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

They are emitted solely for the purpose of attracting rain

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 emitted	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 emitted	aux:pass
3	emitted	emit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	solely	solely	ADV	_	3 emitted	advmod
5	for	for	ADP	_	7 purpose	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 purpose	det
7	purpose	purpose	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 emitted	obl
8	of	of	SCONJ	_	9 attracting	mark
9	attracting	attract	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 purpose	acl
10	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 attracting	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	emit	present · passive		They				for the purpose; solely property	vn substance_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	attract	gerund	the purpose not said here	rain					vn lure-59.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rain=Patient

Option 2

They are produced exclusively at midnight

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 produced	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 produced	aux:pass
3	produced	produce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	3 produced	advmod
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 midnight	case
6	midnight	midnight	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 produced	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	produce	present · passive		They			midnight	exclusively property	vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Result

Option 3

They are inaudible beyond the tree occupied by the troop, being no louder than a whisper

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 inaudible	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 inaudible	cop
3	inaudible	inaudible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	beyond	beyond	ADP	_	6 tree	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 tree	det
6	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 inaudible	obl
7	occupied	occupy	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 tree	acl
8	by	by	ADP	_	10 troop	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 troop	det
10	troop	troop	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 occupied	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 louder	punct
12	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	14 louder	cop
13	no	no	ADV	_	14 louder	advmod
14	louder	loud	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 inaudible	conj
15	than	than	ADP	_	17 whisper	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 whisper	det
17	whisper	whisper	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 louder	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	They		beyond the tree; inaudible property	tree rules
2	occupy	participle		the tree not said here	by the troop	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
3	not is	gerund	They not said here		than a whisper; loud property	tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

They may be heard at a distance of approximately five kilometres

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 heard	nsubj:pass
2	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 heard	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 heard	aux:pass
4	heard	hear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	at	at	ADP	_	7 distance	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 distance	det
7	distance	distance	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 heard	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	11 kilometres	case
9	approximately	approximately	ADV	_	10 five	advmod
10	five	five	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	11 kilometres	nummod
11	kilometres	kilometre	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 distance	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hear	may · passive		They				at a distance of five kilometres	vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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