Test 1 · ★★★ · Myth check: do lemmings jump off cliffs?

«lemmings are dumb, they just follow each other off cliffs, everyone knows that» What is right?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: lemmings, everyone · What happens: be, follow, know · To what, where: other cliffs, that · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 1 · ★★★ of lesson 150 «Myth check: do lemmings jump off cliffs?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 dumb	punct
2	lemmings	lemming	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 dumb	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 dumb	cop
4	dumb	dumb	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 follow	punct
6	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 follow	nsubj
7	just	just	ADV	_	8 follow	advmod
8	follow	follow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 dumb	parataxis
9	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	12 cliffs	det
10	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 cliffs	amod
11	off	off	ADP	_	10 other	compound:prt
12	cliffs	cliff	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 follow	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 knows	punct
14	everyone	everyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	15 knows	nsubj
15	knows	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 follow	conj
16	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	15 knows	obj
17	»	»	PUNCT	_	15 knows	punct
18	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	20 right	nsubj
19	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 right	cop
20	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 knows	ccomp
21	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 dumb	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is in a quote	present	lemmings		dumb property	tree rules
2	follow in a quote	present	lemmings = lemming	each other cliffs		vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	know in a quote	present	everyone	that		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer that=Stimulus
4	is	present			right property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Yes, only the leader decides to jump

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	6 decides	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	only	only	ADV	_	5 leader	advmod
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 leader	det
5	leader	leader	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 decides	nsubj
6	decides	decide	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	to	to	PART	_	8 jump	mark
8	jump	jump	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 decides	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	decide	present	the leader						vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	jump not said to happen	to-infinitive	the leader not said here						vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It is a myth; a 1958 film staged it by pushing lemmings off

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 myth	expl
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 myth	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 myth	det
4	myth	myth	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	;	;	PUNCT	_	9 staged	punct
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 film	det
7	1958	1958	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	8 film	nummod
8	film	film	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 staged	nsubj
9	staged	stage	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 myth	parataxis
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 staged	obj
11	by	by	SCONJ	_	12 pushing	mark
12	pushing	push	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	9 staged	advcl
13	lemmings	lemming	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 pushing	obj
14	off	off	ADP	_	12 pushing	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	is a	present		a myth	tree rules
2	stage	past	a 1958 film	myth	vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
3	push off	gerund	a 1958 film not said here	lemmings	vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lemming=Theme

Option 3

No, they jump into rivers to drown, not off cliffs into the sea

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	4 jump	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 jump	nsubj
4	jump	jump	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	into	into	ADP	_	6 rivers	case
6	rivers	river	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 jump	obl
7	to	to	PART	_	8 drown	mark
8	drown	drown	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 jump	advcl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 cliffs	punct
10	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	12 cliffs	advmod
11	off	off	ADP	_	12 cliffs	case
12	cliffs	cliff	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 jump	obl
13	into	into	ADP	_	15 sea	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 sea	det
15	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 jump	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	jump	present	they			rivers		off cliffs; into the sea	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP PP.source PP.destination PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent into river=Initial_Location off cliff=Trajectory into sea=Destination
2	drown	to-infinitive	they not said here						vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 4

Yes, scientists film it every year

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	4 film	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 film	nsubj
4	film	film	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 film	obj
6	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	7 year	det
7	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 film	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	film	present	scientists	it			year		vn transcribe-25.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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