Test 9 · ★★★ · Myth check: do lemmings jump off cliffs?
A person who copies whatever the crowd does is called «a lemming». Is that fair to real lemmings?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: person, crowd, that · What happens: copy, do, call, be · To what, where: whatever, person · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 9 · ★★★ of lesson 150 «Myth check: do lemmings jump off cliffs?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: A person who copies whatever the crowd does is called «a lemming».
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 person | det |
| 2 | person | person | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 called | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 4 copies | nsubj |
| 4 | copies | copy | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 person | acl:relcl |
| 5 | whatever | whatever | PRON | PronType=Rel | 8 does | obj |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 crowd | det |
| 7 | crowd | crowd | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 does | nsubj |
| 8 | does | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 copies | ccomp |
| 9 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 called | aux:pass |
| 10 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 11 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 13 lemming | punct |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 lemming | det |
| 13 | lemming | lemming | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 called | xcomp |
| 14 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 13 lemming | punct |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 called | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | copy | present | a person | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | do | present | the crowd | whatever | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whatever=Eventuality | ||||
| 3 | call | present · passive | a person | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Is that fair to real lemmings?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 fair | cop |
| 2 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 fair | nsubj |
| 3 | fair | fair | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 lemmings | case |
| 5 | real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 lemmings | amod |
| 6 | lemmings | lemming | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 fair | obl |
| 7 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 fair | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | that | to real lemmings; fair property | tree rules |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
No, real lemmings do not follow each other off cliffs
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 7 follow | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 follow | punct |
| 3 | real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 lemmings | amod |
| 4 | lemmings | lemming | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 follow | nsubj |
| 5 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 follow | aux |
| 6 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 7 follow | advmod |
| 7 | follow | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 8 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 11 cliffs | det |
| 9 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 cliffs | amod |
| 10 | off | off | ADP | _ | 9 other | compound:prt |
| 11 | cliffs | cliff | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 follow | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not follow | present · do-support | real lemmings | each other cliffs | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cliff=Theme |
Option 2
Yes, it was proven in a nature film
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 5 proven | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Yes | punct |
| 3 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 proven | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 proven | aux:pass |
| 5 | proven | prove | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 film | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 film | det |
| 8 | nature | nature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 film | compound |
| 9 | film | film | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 proven | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | prove | past · passive | it | a nature film | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
Option 3
Yes, lemmings copy every move of the leader
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 4 copy | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Yes | punct |
| 3 | lemmings | lemming | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 copy | nsubj |
| 4 | copy | copy | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 6 move | det |
| 6 | move | move | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 copy | obj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 leader | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 leader | det |
| 9 | leader | leader | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 move | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | copy | present | lemmings | every move of the leader | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent move=Theme | ||||
| 2 | move | the leader | nom move «act intransitive»: of=agent |
Option 4
No, because lemmings never live in groups and always keep far apart from each other
The tree, 15 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 6 live | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 live | punct |
| 3 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 6 live | mark |
| 4 | lemmings | lemming | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 live | nsubj |
| 5 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 6 live | advmod |
| 6 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 groups | case |
| 8 | groups | group | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 live | obl |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 keep | cc |
| 10 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 11 keep | advmod |
| 11 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 live | conj |
| 12 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 13 apart | advmod |
| 13 | apart | apart | ADV | _ | 11 keep | advmod |
| 14 | from | from | ADP | _ | 15 each | case |
| 15 | each | each | DET | ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp | 11 keep | obl |
| 16 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 each | fixed |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not live | present | lemmings | groups | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in group=Location | ||||
| 2 | keep | infinitive | lemmings not said here | each | always, apart property | vn forbid-64.4 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Causer from each=Eventuality |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/150-myth-check-do-lemmings-jump-off-cliffs/t9/