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Exam question 3 · Myth check: do goldfish have a three-second memory?

It is given that a fish keeper sounds a bell on each occasion prior to feeding. Determine the behaviour subsequently exhibited by the fish.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: fish keeper, you · What happens: give, sound, determine, exhibit · To what, where: It, bell, occasion, behaviour

This is exam question 3 of lesson 152 «Myth check: do goldfish have a three-second memory?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is given that a fish keeper sounds a bell on each occasion prior to feeding.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	8 sounds	mark
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 keeper	det
6	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 keeper	compound
7	keeper	keeper	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 sounds	nsubj
8	sounds	sound	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	advcl
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 bell	det
10	bell	bell	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 sounds	obj
11	on	on	ADP	_	13 occasion	case
12	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	13 occasion	det
13	occasion	occasion	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 sounds	obl
14	prior	prior	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	16 feeding	case
15	to	to	ADP	_	14 prior	fixed
16	feeding	feeding	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 occasion	nmod
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	sound	present	a fish keeper	a bell		each occasion prior feeding			vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location bell=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Determine the behaviour subsequently exhibited by the fish.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Determine	determine	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 behaviour	det
3	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Determine	obj
4	subsequently	subsequently	ADV	_	5 exhibited	advmod
5	exhibited	exhibit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 behaviour	acl
6	by	by	ADP	_	8 fish	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 fish	det
8	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 exhibited	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Determine	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	determine	imperative	you not said here	the behaviour					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent behaviour=Topic
2	exhibit	participle		the behaviour not said here				by the fish; subsequently property	vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

The options

Option 1

The fish exhibit no alteration in behaviour

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 fish	det
2	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 exhibit	nsubj
3	exhibit	exhibit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	5 alteration	det
5	alteration	alteration	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 exhibit	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 behaviour	case
7	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 exhibit	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exhibit	present	the fish	no alteration		behaviour			vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent alteration=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The fish assemble upon hearing the bell, in anticipation of food

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 fish	det
2	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 assemble	nsubj
3	assemble	assemble	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	upon	upon	SCONJ	_	5 hearing	mark
5	hearing	hear	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 assemble	advcl
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 bell	det
7	bell	bell	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 hearing	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 anticipation	punct
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 anticipation	case
10	anticipation	anticipation	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 hearing	obl
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 food	case
12	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 anticipation	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	assemble	present	the fish						vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent
2	hear	gerund	the fish not said here	the bell		anticipation of food			vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer bell=Stimulus

Option 3

The fish disperse upon hearing the bell

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 fish	det
2	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 disperse	obl:unmarked
3	disperse	disperse	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	upon	upon	SCONJ	_	5 hearing	mark
5	hearing	hear	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 disperse	advcl
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 bell	det
7	bell	bell	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 hearing	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hear	gerund		the bell					vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer bell=Stimulus

Option 4

The fish cease to feed altogether

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 fish	det
2	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 cease	nsubj
3	cease	cease	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 feed	mark
5	feed	feed	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 cease	xcomp
6	altogether	altogether	ADV	_	5 feed	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cease	present	the fish						vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality
2	feed	to-infinitive	the fish not said here					altogether property	vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/152-goldfish-memory/e3/