Exam question 4 · Myth check: do goldfish have a three-second memory?

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the origin of the domestic goldfish?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: origin

This is exam question 4 of lesson 152 «Myth check: do goldfish have a three-second memory?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 origin	det
10	origin	origin	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	14 goldfish	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 goldfish	det
13	domestic	domestic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 goldfish	amod
14	goldfish	goldfish	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 origin	nmod
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the origin of the domestic goldfish				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It was produced artificially by breeders in Europe within the present century

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 produced	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 produced	aux:pass
3	produced	produce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	artificially	artificially	ADV	_	3 produced	advmod
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 breeders	case
6	breeders	breeder	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 produced	obl
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 Europe	case
8	Europe	Europe	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 produced	obl
9	within	within	ADP	_	12 century	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 century	det
11	present	present	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 century	amod
12	century	century	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 produced	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	produce	past · passive	breeders	It		Europe	century	artificially property	vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Result

Option 2

It is a marine fish of tropical coral reefs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 fish	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 fish	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 fish	det
4	marine	marine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 fish	amod
5	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	9 reefs	case
7	tropical	tropical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 reefs	amod
8	coral	coral	NOUN	_	9 reefs	compound
9	reefs	reef	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 fish	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a marine fish				of tropical coral reefs	tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

It was bred from a wild carp in China over approximately one thousand years

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 bred	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 bred	aux:pass
3	bred	breed	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	7 carp	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 carp	det
6	wild	wild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 carp	amod
7	carp	carp	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 bred	obl
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 China	case
9	China	China	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 carp	nmod
10	over	over	ADV	_	11 approximately	advmod
11	approximately	approximately	ADV	_	13 thousand	advmod
12	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	13 thousand	compound
13	thousand	thousand	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	14 years	nummod
14	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 bred	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	breed	past · passive		It		a wild carp in China	year		tree rules

Option 4

It descends from a species of shark

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 descends	nsubj
2	descends	descend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	5 species	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 species	det
5	species	species	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 descends	obl
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 shark	case
7	shark	shark	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 species	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	descend	present	It			a species of shark			vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from species=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/152-goldfish-memory/e4/