Exam question 3 · Myth check: are bats blind?

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the diet of the common vampire bat?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: diet

This is exam question 3 of lesson 153 «Myth check: are bats blind?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 diet	det
10	diet	diet	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	15 bat	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 bat	det
13	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 bat	amod
14	vampire	vampire	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 bat	compound
15	bat	bat	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 diet	nmod
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the diet of the common vampire bat				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It subsists principally upon the blood of cattle, horses and birds, and seldom upon that of human beings

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 subsists	nsubj
2	subsists	subsist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	principally	principally	ADV	_	2 subsists	advmod
4	upon	upon	ADP	_	6 blood	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 blood	det
6	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 subsists	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 cattle	case
8	cattle	cattle	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 blood	nmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 horses	punct
10	horses	horse	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 cattle	conj
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 birds	cc
12	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 cattle	conj
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 that	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 that	cc
15	seldom	seldom	ADV	_	17 that	advmod
16	upon	upon	ADP	_	17 that	case
17	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	2 subsists	obl
18	of	of	ADP	_	20 beings	case
19	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 beings	amod
20	beings	being	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 that	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	subsist	present	It					upon the blood of cattle and horses and birds; upon that; principally property	vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent

Option 2

It subsists exclusively upon fruit and nectar

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 subsists	nsubj
2	subsists	subsist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	2 subsists	advmod
4	upon	upon	ADP	_	5 fruit	case
5	fruit	fruit	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 subsists	obl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 nectar	cc
7	nectar	nectar	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 fruit	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	subsist	present	It					upon fruit and nectar; exclusively property	vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent

Option 3

It subsists principally upon the blood of human beings, whom it visits at night in the towns of Europe

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 subsists	nsubj
2	subsists	subsist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	principally	principally	ADV	_	2 subsists	advmod
4	upon	upon	ADP	_	6 blood	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 blood	det
6	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 subsists	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 beings	case
8	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 beings	amod
9	beings	being	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 blood	nmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 visits	punct
11	whom	whom	PRON	PronType=Rel	13 visits	obj
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 visits	nsubj
13	visits	visit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 beings	acl:relcl
14	at	at	ADP	_	15 night	case
15	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 visits	obl
16	in	in	ADP	_	18 towns	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 towns	det
18	towns	town	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 visits	obl
19	of	of	ADP	_	20 Europe	case
20	Europe	Europe	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 towns	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	subsist	present	It					upon the blood of human beings; principally property	vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent
2	visit	present	blood	human beings		the towns of Europe	night		vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whom=Co-Agent

Option 4

It subsists principally upon fish taken from rivers

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 subsists	nsubj
2	subsists	subsist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	principally	principally	ADV	_	2 subsists	advmod
4	upon	upon	ADP	_	5 fish	case
5	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 subsists	obl
6	taken	take	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 fish	acl
7	from	from	ADP	_	8 rivers	case
8	rivers	river	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 taken	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	subsist	present	It					upon fish; principally property	vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent
2	take	participle		fish not said here		rivers			vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent from river=Initial_Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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