Test 1 · ★★★ · More animal myths: red rags, camel humps, porcupine arrows…
Tom falls off the roof, lands on his feet and walks off whistling. What is true for real cats?
Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: Tom · What happens: fall off, land, walk off, whistle, be · To what, where: roof, feet
This is test 1 · ★★★ of lesson 154 «More animal myths: red rags, camel humps, porcupine arrows, toads and falling cats» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Tom falls off the roof, lands on his feet and walks off whistling.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tom | Tom | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 falls | nsubj |
| 2 | falls | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | off | off | ADP | _ | 5 roof | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 roof | det |
| 5 | roof | roof | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 falls | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 lands | punct |
| 7 | lands | land | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 falls | conj |
| 8 | on | on | ADP | _ | 10 feet | case |
| 9 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 feet | nmod:poss |
| 10 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 lands | obl |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 walks | cc |
| 12 | walks | walk | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 falls | conj |
| 13 | off | off | ADP | _ | 12 walks | compound:prt |
| 14 | whistling | whistle | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 12 walks | advcl |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 falls | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fall off | present | Tom | the roof | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient roof=Extent | ||||
| 2 | land | present | Tom not said here | Tom's feet | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme on foot=Destination | ||||
| 3 | walk off | present | Tom not said here | vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | whistle | gerund | Tom not said here | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What is true for real cats?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 3 true | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 true | cop |
| 3 | true | true | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | for | for | ADP | _ | 6 cats | case |
| 5 | real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 cats | amod |
| 6 | cats | cat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 true | obl |
| 7 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 true | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | for real cats; true property | tree rules |
The options
Option 1
Cats can fall from any height at all without getting hurt in the slightest
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cats | cat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 fall | nsubj |
| 2 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 3 fall | aux |
| 3 | fall | fall | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 4 | from | from | ADP | _ | 6 height | case |
| 5 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 6 height | det |
| 6 | height | height | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 fall | obl |
| 7 | at | at | ADP | _ | 8 all | case |
| 8 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 3 fall | obl |
| 9 | without | without | SCONJ | _ | 11 hurt | mark |
| 10 | getting | get | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 hurt | aux:pass |
| 11 | hurt | hurt | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 fall | advcl |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 slightest | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 slightest | det |
| 14 | slightest | slight | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 11 hurt | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fall | can | Cats | any height | at all | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme at all=Location | |||
| 2 | hurt | gerund · passive | Cats not said here | the slightest | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle» |
Option 2
Cats cannot twist in the air
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cats | cat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 twist | nsubj |
| 2 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 twist | aux |
| 3 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 4 twist | advmod |
| 4 | twist | twist | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 air | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 air | det |
| 7 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 twist | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not twist | can | Cats | the air | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme in air=Trajectory |
Option 3
Cats always land on their heads
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cats | cat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 land | nsubj |
| 2 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 3 land | advmod |
| 3 | land | land | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | on | on | ADP | _ | 6 heads | case |
| 5 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 heads | nmod:poss |
| 6 | heads | head | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 land | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | land | present | Cats | Cats's heads | always property | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on head=Destination |
Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
They do twist to land on their feet, but high falls can still badly hurt them
The tree, 16 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 twist | nsubj |
| 2 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 twist | aux |
| 3 | twist | twist | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 land | mark |
| 5 | land | land | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 twist | xcomp |
| 6 | on | on | ADP | _ | 8 feet | case |
| 7 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 feet | nmod:poss |
| 8 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 land | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 hurt | punct |
| 10 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 16 hurt | cc |
| 11 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 falls | amod |
| 12 | falls | fall | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 hurt | nsubj |
| 13 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 16 hurt | aux |
| 14 | still | still | ADV | _ | 16 hurt | advmod |
| 15 | badly | badly | ADV | Degree=Pos | 16 hurt | advmod |
| 16 | hurt | hurt | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 twist | conj |
| 17 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 hurt | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | twist | present · do-support | They | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | land | to-infinitive | They not said here | their feet | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme on foot=Destination | ||||
| 3 | hurt | can | high falls | feet = foot | still | badly property | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Patient |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/154-more-animal-myths-from-cartoons/t1/