Exam question 1 · The Amazon river: pink dolphins, flooded forest, giant fis…

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the piranhas of the Amazon.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, piranhas

This is exam question 1 of lesson 155 «The Amazon river: pink dolphins, flooded forest, giant fish and piranhas» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 piranhas	det
11	piranhas	piranha	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 Amazon	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 Amazon	det
14	Amazon	Amazon	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 piranhas	nmod
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the piranhas of the Amazon		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus piranha=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The majority are timid shoaling fish, frequently scavenging, and are seldom dangerous to swimmers

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 majority	det
2	majority	majority	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 timid	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 timid	cop
4	timid	timid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	shoaling	shoal	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 timid	advcl
6	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 shoaling	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 scavenging	punct
8	frequently	frequently	ADV	_	9 scavenging	advmod
9	scavenging	scavenge	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 shoaling	conj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 dangerous	punct
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 dangerous	cc
12	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 dangerous	cop
13	seldom	seldom	ADV	_	14 dangerous	advmod
14	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 timid	conj
15	to	to	ADP	_	16 swimmers	case
16	swimmers	swimmer	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 dangerous	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	the majority		timid property	tree rules
2	shoal	gerund	the majority not said here	fish		tree rules
3	scavenge	gerund	the majority not said here		frequently property	vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent
4	is	present	the majority not said here		to swimmers; dangerous, seldom property	tree rules

Option 2

They are entirely without teeth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 teeth	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 teeth	cop
3	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	5 teeth	advmod
4	without	without	ADP	_	5 teeth	case
5	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	They					without teeth; entirely property	tree rules

Option 3

Shoals habitually reduce whole cattle to skeletons within seconds whenever they enter the water

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Shoals	shoal	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 reduce	nsubj
2	habitually	habitually	ADV	_	3 reduce	advmod
3	reduce	reduce	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 cattle	amod
5	cattle	cattle	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 reduce	obj
6	to	to	ADP	_	7 skeletons	case
7	skeletons	skeleton	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 reduce	obl
8	within	within	ADP	_	9 seconds	case
9	seconds	second	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 reduce	obl
10	whenever	whenever	ADV	PronType=Rel	12 enter	advmod
11	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 enter	nsubj
12	enter	enter	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 reduce	advcl
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 water	det
14	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 enter	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reduce	present	Shoals	whole cattle			second	to skeletons goal; habitually property	vn limit-76 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Causer cattle=Patient to skeleton=Goal
2	enter	present	Shoals = shoal	the water				whenever property	vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme water=Destination

Option 4

They subsist exclusively upon the flesh of mammals

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 subsist	nsubj
2	subsist	subsist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	2 subsist	advmod
4	upon	upon	ADP	_	6 flesh	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 flesh	det
6	flesh	flesh	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 subsist	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 mammals	case
8	mammals	mammal	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 flesh	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	subsist	present	They					upon the flesh of mammals; exclusively property	vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/155-the-amazon-river/e1/