Exam question 2 · The Amazon river: pink dolphins, flooded forest, giant fis…

Identify the principal reason for which the arapaima rises periodically to the surface.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, arapaima · What happens: identify, rise · To what, where: principal reason, surface

This is exam question 2 of lesson 155 «The Amazon river: pink dolphins, flooded forest, giant fish and piranhas» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 rises	obl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 arapaima	det
8	arapaima	arapaima	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 rises	nsubj
9	rises	rise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 reason	acl
10	periodically	periodically	ADV	_	9 rises	advmod
11	to	to	ADP	_	13 surface	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 surface	det
13	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 rises	obl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	rise	present	the arapaima			the surface		for the principal reason; periodically property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to surface=Initial_Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It thereby feeds upon insects alighting upon the surface of the water during the night

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 feeds	nsubj
2	thereby	thereby	ADV	_	3 feeds	advmod
3	feeds	feed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	upon	upon	ADP	_	5 insects	case
5	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 feeds	obl
6	alighting	alight	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 insects	acl
7	upon	upon	ADP	_	9 surface	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 surface	det
9	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 alighting	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 water	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 water	det
12	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 surface	nmod
13	during	during	ADP	_	15 night	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 night	det
15	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 feeds	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	feed	present	It				night	upon insects; thereby property	vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent
2	alight	gerund	insects not said here					upon the surface of the water	tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It is obliged to breathe air, the warm flood water holding little oxygen

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 obliged	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 obliged	aux:pass
3	obliged	oblige	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 breathe	mark
5	breathe	breathe	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 obliged	xcomp
6	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 breathe	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 water	punct
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 water	det
9	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 water	amod
10	flood	flood	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 water	compound
11	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 obliged	obl
12	holding	hold	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 water	acl
13	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 oxygen	amod
14	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 holding	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	oblige	present · passive		It	the warm flood water obl	vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: subject=Patient clause=Result
2	breathe	to-infinitive		air		vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme
3	hold	gerund	the warm flood water not said here	little oxygen		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oxygen=Theme

Option 3

It thereby signals to other members of its species

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 signals	nsubj
2	thereby	thereby	ADV	_	3 signals	advmod
3	signals	signal	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 members	case
5	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 members	amod
6	members	member	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 signals	nmod
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 species	case
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 species	nmod:poss
9	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 members	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4

It thereby lowers its body temperature

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 lowers	nsubj
2	thereby	thereby	ADV	_	3 lowers	advmod
3	lowers	lower	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 temperature	nmod:poss
5	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 temperature	compound
6	temperature	temperature	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lowers	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lower	present	It	its body temperature				thereby property	vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent temperature=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/155-the-amazon-river/e2/