Exam question 2 · The Congo rainforest: gorillas, bonobos, okapis and forest…

Identify the principal circumstance that led to the separation of chimpanzees and bonobos into distinct species.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, principal circumstance, chimpanzees · What happens: identify, lead, separate · To what, where: principal circumstance, distinct species

This is exam question 2 of lesson 159 «The Congo rainforest: gorillas, bonobos, okapis and forest elephants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 circumstance	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 circumstance	amod
4	circumstance	circumstance	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 led	nsubj
6	led	lead	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 circumstance	acl:relcl
7	to	to	ADP	_	9 separation	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 separation	det
9	separation	separation	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 led	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 chimpanzees	case
11	chimpanzees	chimpanzee	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 separation	nmod
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 bonobos	cc
13	bonobos	bonobo	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 chimpanzees	conj
14	into	into	ADP	_	16 species	case
15	distinct	distinct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 species	amod
16	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 led	obl
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal circumstance			vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent circumstance=Theme
2	lead	past	the principal circumstance		distinct species	to the separation of chimpanzees and bonobos	vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to separation=Patient
3	separate		chimpanzees and bonobos				nom separation «state intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The formation of the Congo River as a barrier which their ancestors could not cross

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 formation	det
2	formation	formation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	6 River	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 River	det
5	Congo	Congo	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 River	compound
6	River	River	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 formation	nmod
7	as	as	ADP	_	9 barrier	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 barrier	det
9	barrier	barrier	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 formation	nmod
10	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	15 cross	obj
11	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 ancestors	nmod:poss
12	ancestors	ancestor	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 cross	nsubj
13	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	15 cross	aux
14	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	15 cross	advmod
15	cross	cross	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 barrier	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not cross	could	their ancestors	a barrier					vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Patient

Option 2

The extinction of the gorilla within the region

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 extinction	det
2	extinction	extinction	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 gorilla	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 gorilla	det
5	gorilla	gorilla	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 extinction	nmod
6	within	within	ADP	_	8 region	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 region	det
8	region	region	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 extinction	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	extinguish			the gorilla				within the region	nom extinction «state transitive»: of=patient within=obl

Option 3

The deliberate breeding of the two forms by human beings

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 breeding	det
2	deliberate	deliberate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 breeding	amod
3	breeding	breeding	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 forms	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 forms	det
6	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 forms	nummod
7	forms	form	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 breeding	nmod
8	by	by	ADP	_	10 beings	case
9	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 beings	amod
10	beings	being	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 forms	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	form		human beings						nom form «communication transitive»: by=agent

Option 4

The migration of the bonobo to the mountains of East Africa, far from the river

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 migration	det
2	migration	migration	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 bonobo	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 bonobo	det
5	bonobo	bonobo	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 migration	nmod
6	to	to	ADP	_	8 mountains	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 mountains	det
8	mountains	mountain	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 migration	nmod
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 Africa	case
10	East	East	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 Africa	compound
11	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 mountains	nmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 river	punct
13	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	16 river	advmod
14	from	from	ADP	_	16 river	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 river	det
16	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 migration	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	migrate		the bonobo					to the mountains of East Africa	nom migration «act intransitive»: of=agent to=obl

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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