Exam question 1 · The Congo rainforest: gorillas, bonobos, okapis and forest…

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the chest-beating of the male gorilla.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern, beat · To what, where: response, chest beating, male gorilla

This is exam question 1 of lesson 159 «The Congo rainforest: gorillas, bonobos, okapis and forest elephants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 beating	det
11	chest	chest	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 beating	compound
12	-	-	PUNCT	_	11 chest	punct
13	beating	beating	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
14	of	of	ADP	_	17 gorilla	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 gorilla	det
16	male	male	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 gorilla	amod
17	gorilla	gorilla	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 beating	nmod
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the chest beating of the male gorilla		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus beating=Experiencer
4	beat			the male gorilla		nom beating «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It invariably precedes an attack upon a human being

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 precedes	nsubj
2	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	3 precedes	advmod
3	precedes	precede	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 attack	det
5	attack	attack	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 precedes	obj
6	upon	upon	SCONJ	_	8 human	mark
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 human	det
8	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 precedes	advcl
9	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 human	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	precede	present	It	a attack				invariably property	vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme attack=Co-Theme

Option 2

It is a symptom of illness

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 symptom	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 symptom	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 symptom	det
4	symptom	symptom	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 illness	case
6	illness	illness	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 symptom	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a symptom				of illness	tree rules

Option 3

It is performed with closed fists in order to inflict injury upon the rival male

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 performed	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 performed	aux:pass
3	performed	perform	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	with	with	ADP	_	6 fists	case
5	closed	close	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 fists	amod
6	fists	fist	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 performed	obl
7	in	in	SCONJ	ExtPos=SCONJ	10 inflict	mark
8	order	order	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 in	fixed
9	to	to	PART	_	10 inflict	mark
10	inflict	inflict	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 performed	advcl
11	injury	injury	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 inflict	obj
12	upon	upon	ADP	_	15 male	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 male	det
14	rival	rival	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 male	amod
15	male	male	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 inflict	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	perform	present · passive	It	with closed fists	vn performance-26.7 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	close	participle			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	inflict	to-infinitive	injury	upon the rival male	tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It is a display communicating size and strength, frequently obviating actual combat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 display	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 display	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 display	det
4	display	display	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	communicating	communicate	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 display	acl
6	size	size	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 communicating	obj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 strength	cc
8	strength	strength	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 size	conj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 obviating	punct
10	frequently	frequently	ADV	_	11 obviating	advmod
11	obviating	obviate	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 communicating	conj
12	actual	actual	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 combat	amod
13	combat	combat	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 obviating	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a display		tree rules
2	communicate	gerund	a display not said here	size and strength		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent size=Topic
3	obviate	gerund	a display not said here	actual combat	frequently property	vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent combat=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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