Test 2 · The great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, orangutans
A silverback is 15 years old. Why has his back turned silver?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: silverback, back · What happens: be, have, turn · To what, where: silver
This is test 2 of lesson 16 «The great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, orangutans» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: A silverback is 15 years old.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 silverback | det |
| 2 | silverback | silverback | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 old | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 old | cop |
| 4 | 15 | 15 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 5 years | nummod |
| 5 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 old | obl:unmarked |
| 6 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 7 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 old | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | a silverback | year | old property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Why has his back turned silver?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 2 has | advmod |
| 2 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 back | nmod:poss |
| 4 | back | back | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 turned | nsubj |
| 5 | turned | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 has | parataxis |
| 6 | silver | silver | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 turned | obj |
| 7 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 2 has | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 2 | turn | past | his back | silver | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent silver=Theme |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
Males' backs turn silver from about 12 years old
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Males | male | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 backs | nmod:poss |
| 2 | ' | 's | PART | _ | 1 Males | case |
| 3 | backs | back | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 turn | nsubj |
| 4 | turn | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | silver | silver | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 turn | obj |
| 6 | from | from | ADP | _ | 9 years | case |
| 7 | about | about | ADV | _ | 8 12 | advmod |
| 8 | 12 | 12 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 9 years | nummod |
| 9 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 turn | obl |
| 10 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 years | amod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | turn | present | Males's backs | silver | year | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent silver=Theme |
Option 2
He is very ill
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 ill | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 ill | cop |
| 3 | very | very | ADV | _ | 4 ill | advmod |
| 4 | ill | ill | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | He | ill property | tree rules |
Option 3
He has been rolling in ash
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 rolling | nsubj |
| 2 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 rolling | aux |
| 3 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 rolling | aux |
| 4 | rolling | roll | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 ash | case |
| 6 | ash | ash | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 rolling | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | roll | present · perfect · progressive | He | ash | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in ash=Trajectory |
Option 4
Only very old gorillas go silver at 40
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Only | only | ADV | _ | 4 gorillas | advmod |
| 2 | very | very | ADV | _ | 3 old | advmod |
| 3 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 gorillas | amod |
| 4 | gorillas | gorilla | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 go | nsubj |
| 5 | go | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | silver | silver | ADV | _ | 5 go | advmod |
| 7 | at | at | ADP | _ | 8 40 | case |
| 8 | 40 | 40 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 5 go | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go | present | old gorillas | 40 | silver property | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme at 40=Location |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/16-the-great-apes/t2/