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Test 2 · The great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, orangutans

A silverback is 15 years old. Why has his back turned silver?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: silverback, back · What happens: be, have, turn · To what, where: silver

This is test 2 of lesson 16 «The great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, orangutans» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A silverback is 15 years old.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 silverback	det
2	silverback	silverback	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 old	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 old	cop
4	15	15	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 years	nummod
5	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 old	obl:unmarked
6	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 old	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	a silverback				year	old property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why has his back turned silver?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	2 has	advmod
2	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 back	nmod:poss
4	back	back	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 turned	nsubj
5	turned	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 has	parataxis
6	silver	silver	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 turned	obj
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 has	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present							vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	turn	past	his back	silver					vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent silver=Theme

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Males' backs turn silver from about 12 years old

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Males	male	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 backs	nmod:poss
2	'	's	PART	_	1 Males	case
3	backs	back	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 turn	nsubj
4	turn	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	silver	silver	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 turn	obj
6	from	from	ADP	_	9 years	case
7	about	about	ADV	_	8 12	advmod
8	12	12	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	9 years	nummod
9	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 turn	obl
10	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 years	amod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn	present	Males's backs	silver			year		vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent silver=Theme

Option 2

He is very ill

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 ill	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 ill	cop
3	very	very	ADV	_	4 ill	advmod
4	ill	ill	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	He					ill property	tree rules

Option 3

He has been rolling in ash

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 rolling	nsubj
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 rolling	aux
3	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	4 rolling	aux
4	rolling	roll	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 ash	case
6	ash	ash	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 rolling	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	roll	present · perfect · progressive	He			ash			vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in ash=Trajectory

Option 4

Only very old gorillas go silver at 40

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	4 gorillas	advmod
2	very	very	ADV	_	3 old	advmod
3	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 gorillas	amod
4	gorillas	gorilla	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 go	nsubj
5	go	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	silver	silver	ADV	_	5 go	advmod
7	at	at	ADP	_	8 40	case
8	40	40	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 go	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	go	present	old gorillas			40		silver property	vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme at 40=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/16-the-great-apes/t2/