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Test 8 · The great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, orangutans

A dog barks at itself in the mirror. A chimp touches a mark on its own face. What does that tell us?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: dog, chimp, that · What happens: bark, touch, tell · To what, where: mirror, mark, us · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 8 of lesson 16 «The great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, orangutans» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A dog barks at itself in the mirror.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 dog	det
2	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 barks	nsubj
3	barks	bark	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	at	at	ADP	_	5 itself	case
5	itself	itself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	3 barks	obl
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 mirror	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 mirror	det
8	mirror	mirror	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 barks	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 barks	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bark	present	a dog			the mirror		at dog	vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Agent at itself=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: A chimp touches a mark on its own face.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 chimp	det
2	chimp	chimp	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 touches	nsubj
3	touches	touch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 mark	det
5	mark	mark	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 touches	obj
6	on	on	ADP	_	9 face	case
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 face	nmod:poss
8	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 face	amod
9	face	face	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 touches	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 touches	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	touch	present	a chimp	a mark				on chimp's own face	vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP PP.theme PP.instrument»: agent=Agent mark=Experiencer on face=Theme

Sentence 3: What does that tell us?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 tell	obj
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 tell	aux
3	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 tell	nsubj
4	tell	tell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	us	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 tell	iobj
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 tell	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tell speech: assert	present · do-support	that		us				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient what=Topic

The options

Option 1

The dog is cleverer than the chimp

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 dog	det
2	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cleverer	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 cleverer	cop
4	cleverer	clever	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
5	than	than	ADP	_	7 chimp	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 chimp	det
7	chimp	chimp	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cleverer	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the dog					than the chimp; clever property	tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The chimp knows the reflection is itself; the dog does not seem to

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 chimp	det
2	chimp	chimp	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 knows	nsubj
3	knows	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 reflection	det
5	reflection	reflection	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 itself	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 itself	cop
7	itself	itself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Emp Reflex=Yes	3 knows	ccomp
8	;	;	PUNCT	_	13 seem	punct
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 dog	det
10	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 seem	nsubj
11	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 seem	aux
12	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	13 seem	advmod
13	seem	seem	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 knows	conj
14	to	to	PART	_	13 seem	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	know	present	the chimp						vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
2	is a	present	the reflection	reflection					tree rules
3	not seem	present · do-support	the dog						vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Both know it is themselves

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	2 know	nsubj
2	know	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 know	obj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 themselves	cop
5	themselves	themselves	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	2 know	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	know	present	Both	it					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus
2	is a	present		themselves = they					tree rules

Option 4

Neither can see mirrors

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Neither	neither	ADV	_	3 see	advmod
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 see	aux
3	see	see	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	mirrors	mirror	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 see	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	see	can		mirrors				neither property	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer mirror=Stimulus

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/16-the-great-apes/t8/