Test 1 · The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepest river, lungfish an…
In a cartoon, Gloria the hippo swims gracefully in a pool. What is true of real hippos?
Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: Gloria · What happens: swim, be · To what, where: cartoon
This is test 1 of lesson 160 «The Congo river: tigerfish, the deepest river, lungfish and hidden birds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: In a cartoon, Gloria the hippo swims gracefully in a pool.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 cartoon | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 cartoon | det |
| 3 | cartoon | cartoon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 swims | obl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 Gloria | punct |
| 5 | Gloria | Gloria | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 swims | nsubj |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 hippo | det |
| 7 | hippo | hippo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 swims | nsubj |
| 8 | swims | swim | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | gracefully | gracefully | ADV | _ | 8 swims | advmod |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 pool | case |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 pool | det |
| 12 | pool | pool | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 swims | obl |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 swims | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | swim | present | Gloria | a cartoon | in a pool; gracefully property | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in cartoon=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What is true of real hippos?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 3 true | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 true | cop |
| 3 | true | true | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 hippos | case |
| 5 | real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 hippos | amod |
| 6 | hippos | hippo | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 true | obl |
| 7 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 true | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | of real hippos; true property | tree rules |
The options
Option 1
They swim like dolphins
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 swim | nsubj |
| 2 | swim | swim | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | like | like | ADP | _ | 4 dolphins | case |
| 4 | dolphins | dolphin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 swim | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | swim | present | They | like dolphins | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Option 2
They float on top of the water all day long, like big grey logs
The tree, 14 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 float | nsubj |
| 2 | float | float | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | on | on | ADP | _ | 4 top | case |
| 4 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 float | obl |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 water | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 water | det |
| 7 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 top | nmod |
| 8 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 9 day | det |
| 9 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 float | obl:unmarked |
| 10 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 2 float | advmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 logs | punct |
| 12 | like | like | ADP | _ | 15 logs | case |
| 13 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 logs | amod |
| 14 | grey | grey | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 logs | amod |
| 15 | logs | log | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 float | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | float | present | They | top of the water | day | like big grey logs; long property | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on top=Trajectory |
Option 3
They never go into water
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 go | nsubj |
| 2 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 3 go | advmod |
| 3 | go | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | into | into | ADP | _ | 5 water | case |
| 5 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 go | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not go | present | They | water | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme into water=Initial_Location |
Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
They cannot really swim; they walk and bounce along the bottom
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 swim | nsubj |
| 2 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 5 swim | aux |
| 3 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 5 swim | advmod |
| 4 | really | really | ADV | _ | 5 swim | advmod |
| 5 | swim | swim | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 6 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 8 walk | punct |
| 7 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 walk | nsubj |
| 8 | walk | walk | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 swim | parataxis |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 bounce | cc |
| 10 | bounce | bounce | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 walk | conj |
| 11 | along | along | ADP | _ | 13 bottom | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 bottom | det |
| 13 | bottom | bottom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 bounce | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not swim | can | They | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | walk | present | they | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | bounce | present | they not said here | the bottom | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along bottom=Trajectory |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/160-the-congo-river/t1/