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Test 9 · Sumatra: the smallest tiger, the hairy rhino, the stinking…

A lizard opens yellow flaps and sails from one tree to the next. What is it?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: lizard · What happens: open, be · To what, where: yellow flaps, next, one tree

This is test 9 of lesson 162 «Sumatra: the smallest tiger, the hairy rhino, the stinking giant flower and the venomous loris» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A lizard opens yellow flaps and sails from one tree to the next.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 lizard	det
2	lizard	lizard	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 opens	nsubj
3	opens	open	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	yellow	yellow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 flaps	amod
5	flaps	flap	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 opens	obj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 sails	cc
7	sails	sail	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 flaps	conj
8	from	from	ADP	_	10 tree	case
9	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	10 tree	nummod
10	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 opens	obl
11	to	to	ADP	_	13 next	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 next	det
13	next	next	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 opens	obl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 opens	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	open	present	a lizard	yellow flaps and sails	the next	one tree			vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent flap=Patient to next=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is it?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 What	nsubj
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	lizard						tree rules

The options

Option 1

A baby bird learning to fly

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 bird	det
2	baby	baby	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 bird	compound
3	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	learning	learn	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 bird	acl
5	to	to	PART	_	6 fly	mark
6	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 learning	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	learn	gerund	a baby bird not said here						vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	fly	to-infinitive	a baby bird not said here						vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

A bat with yellow wings

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 bat	det
2	bat	bat	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	with	with	ADP	_	5 wings	case
4	yellow	yellow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 wings	amod
5	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 bat	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 3

A flying snake

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 snake	det
2	flying	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 snake	amod
3	snake	snake	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fly	gerund							vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

A Draco lizard gliding on skin held by ribs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 lizard	det
2	Draco	Draco	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 lizard	compound
3	lizard	lizard	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 held	nsubj:pass
4	gliding	glide	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 lizard	acl
5	on	on	ADP	_	6 skin	case
6	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 gliding	obl
7	held	hold	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	by	by	ADP	_	9 ribs	case
9	ribs	rib	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 held	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	glide	gerund	a Draco lizard not said here			skin			vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on skin=Trajectory
2	hold	participle · passive	ribs	a Draco lizard					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/162-sumatra-tigers-hairy-rhinos-and-the-venomous-loris/t9/