Exam question 2 · The Australian outback: red kangaroos, emus, thorny devils…

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the introduction of the cane toad into Australia.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern, introduce · To what, where: response, introduction, Australia, cane toad

This is exam question 2 of lesson 165 «The Australian outback: red kangaroos, emus, thorny devils and runaway camels and toads» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 introduction	det
11	introduction	introduction	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	15 toad	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 toad	det
14	cane	cane	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 toad	compound
15	toad	toad	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 introduction	nmod
16	into	into	ADP	_	17 Australia	case
17	Australia	Australia	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obl
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response		consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle					vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the introduction of the cane toad	Australia		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus introduction=Experiencer
4	introduce			the cane toad			nom introduction «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It was introduced in 1935 for the control of beetles in sugar cane and subsequently became a harmful pest

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 introduced	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 introduced	aux:pass
3	introduced	introduce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 1935	case
5	1935	1935	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 introduced	obl
6	for	for	ADP	_	8 control	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 control	det
8	control	control	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 introduced	obl
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 beetles	case
10	beetles	beetle	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 control	nmod
11	in	in	ADP	_	13 cane	case
12	sugar	sugar	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 cane	compound
13	cane	cane	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 beetles	nmod
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 became	cc
15	subsequently	subsequently	ADV	_	16 became	advmod
16	became	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 introduced	conj
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 pest	det
18	harmful	harmful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 pest	amod
19	pest	pest	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 became	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	introduce	past · passive		It		1935		for the control of beetles in sugar cane	vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	become	past		a harmful pest				subsequently property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

Option 2

It has always been native to the continent

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 native	nsubj
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 native	aux
3	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	5 native	advmod
4	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	5 native	cop
5	native	native	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	to	to	ADP	_	8 continent	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 continent	det
8	continent	continent	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 native	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present · perfect	It					to the continent; always, native property	tree rules

Option 3

It arrived spontaneously by swimming from Asia

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 arrived	nsubj
2	arrived	arrive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	spontaneously	spontaneously	ADV	_	2 arrived	advmod
4	by	by	SCONJ	_	5 swimming	mark
5	swimming	swim	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 arrived	advcl
6	from	from	ADP	_	7 Asia	case
7	Asia	Asia	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 swimming	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	arrive	past	It					spontaneously property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	swim	gerund				Asia			vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from asia=Trajectory

Option 4

It was introduced as a source of cheap food for the population of the outback towns during the war

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 introduced	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 introduced	aux:pass
3	introduced	introduce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	as	as	ADP	_	6 source	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 source	det
6	source	source	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 introduced	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 food	case
8	cheap	cheap	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 food	amod
9	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 source	nmod
10	for	for	ADP	_	12 population	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 population	det
12	population	population	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 introduced	obl
13	of	of	ADP	_	16 towns	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 towns	det
15	outback	outback	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 towns	amod
16	towns	town	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 population	nmod
17	during	during	ADP	_	19 war	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 war	det
19	war	war	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 introduced	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	introduce	past · passive		It			during the war	as a source of cheap food; for the population of the outback towns	vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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