Exam question 4 · Australia's venomous animals and why few people die

Ascertain the consequence for public safety of the development of the funnel-web spider antivenom in 1981.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: ascertain, develop · To what, where: consequence, 1981, spider antivenom

This is exam question 4 of lesson 166 «Australia's venomous animals and why few people die» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 consequence	det
3	consequence	consequence	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	for	for	ADP	_	6 safety	case
5	public	public	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 safety	amod
6	safety	safety	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 development	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 development	det
9	development	development	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 safety	nmod
10	of	of	ADP	_	16 antivenom	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 antivenom	det
12	funnel	funnel	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 web	compound
13	-	-	PUNCT	_	12 funnel	punct
14	web	web	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 spider	compound
15	spider	spider	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 antivenom	compound
16	antivenom	antivenom	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 development	nmod
17	in	in	ADP	_	18 1981	case
18	1981	1981	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	1 Ascertain	obl
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the consequence		1981		for public safety of the development of the spider antivenom	vn ensure-99 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Precondition consequence=Theme for safety=Beneficiary
2	develop			the spider antivenom					nom development «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Funnel-web spiders thereafter ceased entirely to bite human beings

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Funnel	funnel	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 web	compound
2	-	-	PUNCT	_	1 Funnel	punct
3	web	web	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 spiders	compound
4	spiders	spider	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 ceased	nsubj
5	thereafter	thereafter	ADV	_	6 ceased	advmod
6	ceased	cease	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	6 ceased	advmod
8	to	to	PART	_	9 bite	mark
9	bite	bite	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 ceased	xcomp
10	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 beings	amod
11	beings	being	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 bite	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cease	past	web spiders					entirely, thereafter property	vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality
2	bite	to-infinitive	web spiders not said here	human beings					vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent being=Patient

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

No death from a funnel-web bite is known to have occurred since its introduction

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	2 death	det
2	death	death	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 known	nsubj:pass
3	from	from	ADP	_	8 bite	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 bite	det
5	funnel	funnel	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 web	compound
6	-	-	PUNCT	_	5 funnel	punct
7	web	web	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 bite	compound
8	bite	bite	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 death	nmod
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 known	aux:pass
10	known	know	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
11	to	to	PART	_	13 occurred	mark
12	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	13 occurred	aux
13	occurred	occur	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	10 known	xcomp
14	since	since	ADP	_	16 introduction	case
15	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 introduction	nmod:poss
16	introduction	introduction	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 occurred	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	roles by
1	know	present · passive		no death from a web bite		tree rules
2	occur	to-infinitive · perfect			since death's introduction	vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	introduce		death			nom introduction «act transitive»: poss=agent

Option 3

The species was rendered extinct

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 species	det
2	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 rendered	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 rendered	aux:pass
4	rendered	render	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	extinct	extinct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 rendered	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	render	past · passive		the species				extinct property	vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 4

Bites thereafter became considerably more frequently fatal than before

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bites	bite	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 became	nsubj
2	thereafter	thereafter	ADV	_	3 became	advmod
3	became	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	considerably	considerably	ADV	_	5 more	advmod
5	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	7 fatal	advmod
6	frequently	frequently	ADV	_	7 fatal	advmod
7	fatal	fatal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 became	xcomp
8	than	than	ADP	_	9 before	case
9	before	before	ADV	_	7 fatal	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	become	past	Bites					fatal, thereafter property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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