Exam question 3 · Australia's venomous animals and why few people die

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the mortality attributable to venomous animals in Australia?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: mortality

This is exam question 3 of lesson 166 «Australia's venomous animals and why few people die» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 mortality	det
10	mortality	mortality	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	attributable	attributable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 characterises	xcomp
12	to	to	ADP	_	14 animals	case
13	venomous	venomous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 animals	amod
14	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 attributable	obl
15	in	in	ADP	_	16 Australia	case
16	Australia	Australia	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 animals	nmod
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the mortality				of the following statements; accurately, attributable property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Deaths exceed those from all other causes combined

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Deaths	death	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 exceed	nsubj
2	exceed	exceed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	those	that	PRON	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	2 exceed	obj
4	from	from	ADP	_	7 causes	case
5	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	7 causes	det
6	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 causes	amod
7	causes	cause	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 exceed	obl
8	combined	combine	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 causes	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exceed	present	Deaths	those		all other causes			vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot that=Theme
2	combine	participle		all other causes not said here					vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient

Option 2

No venomous animal is to be found on the continent

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	3 animal	det
2	venomous	venomous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 animal	amod
3	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 found	nsubj:pass
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 found	aux:pass
5	to	to	PART	_	7 found	mark
6	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 found	aux:pass
7	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	on	on	ADP	_	10 continent	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 continent	det
10	continent	continent	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 found	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	find	present · passive		no venomous animal		the continent			vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic

Option 3

Several hundred deaths occur each day throughout the whole of the continent

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Several	several	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 deaths	amod
2	hundred	hundred	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 deaths	nummod
3	deaths	death	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 occur	nsubj
4	occur	occur	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	6 day	det
6	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 occur	obl:unmarked
7	throughout	throughout	ADP	_	9 whole	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 whole	det
9	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 occur	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 continent	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 continent	det
12	continent	continent	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 whole	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	occur	present	Several hundred deaths			the whole	day		vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme throughout whole=Location

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Notwithstanding their great number, very few deaths occur in a typical year

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Notwithstanding	notwithstand	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 deaths	advcl
2	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 number	nmod:poss
3	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 number	amod
4	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Notwithstanding	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Notwithstanding	punct
6	very	very	ADV	_	7 few	advmod
7	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 deaths	amod
8	deaths	death	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 occur	nsubj
9	occur	occur	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	in	in	ADP	_	13 year	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 year	det
12	typical	typical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 year	amod
13	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 occur	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	notwithstand	gerund	few deaths not said here	their great number					tree rules
2	occur	present	few deaths				year		vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/166-australias-venomous-animals-and-why-few-people-die/e3/