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Test 1 · ★ · The Arctic tundra: musk oxen, arctic foxes, snowy owls and…

In the game Lemmings, little creatures march off cliffs unless you stop them. What is true of real lemmings?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: little creatures, you · What happens: march off, stop, be · To what, where: cliffs, game Lemmings, creatures

This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 168 «The Arctic tundra: musk oxen, arctic foxes, snowy owls and the truth about lemmings» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In the game Lemmings, little creatures march off cliffs unless you stop them.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	4 Lemmings	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 Lemmings	det
3	game	game	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 Lemmings	compound
4	Lemmings	lemming	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 march	obl
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 Lemmings	punct
6	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 creatures	amod
7	creatures	creature	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 march	nsubj
8	march	march	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	off	off	ADP	_	8 march	compound:prt
10	cliffs	cliff	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 march	obl
11	unless	unless	SCONJ	_	13 stop	mark
12	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	13 stop	nsubj
13	stop	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 march	advcl
14	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 stop	obj
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 march	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	march off	present	little creatures	cliffs		the game Lemmings			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in lemming=Trajectory
2	stop a condition, not said to happen	present	you	creatures = creature					vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector they=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is true of real lemmings?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 lemmings	case
5	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 lemmings	amod
6	lemmings	lemming	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 true	obl
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						of real lemmings; true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

They march off cliffs every day

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 march	nsubj
2	march	march	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	off	off	ADP	_	2 march	compound:prt
4	cliffs	cliff	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 march	obl
5	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	6 day	det
6	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 march	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	march off	present	They	cliffs			day		vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

They float down from cliffs on tiny umbrellas, all together

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 float	nsubj
2	float	float	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	down	down	ADV	_	2 float	advmod
4	from	from	ADP	_	5 cliffs	case
5	cliffs	cliff	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 float	obl
6	on	on	ADP	_	8 umbrellas	case
7	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 umbrellas	amod
8	umbrellas	umbrella	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 float	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 together	punct
10	all	all	ADV	_	11 together	advmod
11	together	together	ADV	_	2 float	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	float down	present	They			cliffs		on tiny umbrellas; down property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Theme from cliff=Source on umbrella=Trajectory

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

They do not jump off cliffs on purpose; the idea is a myth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 jump	nsubj
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 jump	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 jump	advmod
4	jump	jump	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	off	off	ADP	_	4 jump	compound:prt
6	cliffs	cliff	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 jump	obj
7	on	on	ADP	_	8 purpose	case
8	purpose	purpose	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 jump	obl
9	;	;	PUNCT	_	14 myth	punct
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 idea	det
11	idea	idea	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 myth	nsubj
12	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 myth	cop
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 myth	det
14	myth	myth	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 jump	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not jump off	present · do-support	They	cliffs		purpose			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent cliff=Theme on purpose=Trajectory
2	is a	present	the idea	a myth					tree rules

Option 4

They need a player to save them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 need	nsubj
2	need	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 player	det
4	player	player	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 need	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 save	mark
6	save	save	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 need	advcl
7	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 save	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	need	present	They	a player					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot player=Theme
2	save	to-infinitive	They not said here	them = they					vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/168-the-arctic-tundra-musk-oxen-arctic-foxes-and-the-truth-about-lemmings/t1/