Exam question 1 · How close are apes to us?

Identify the statement most consistent with the established understanding of the relationship between humans and chimpanzees.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, establish, understand · To what, where: statement, relationship

This is exam question 1 of lesson 17 «How close are apes to us?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 statement	det
3	statement	statement	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
4	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	5 consistent	advmod
5	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 statement	amod
6	with	with	ADP	_	9 understanding	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 understanding	det
8	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 understanding	amod
9	understanding	understanding	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 consistent	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 relationship	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 relationship	det
12	relationship	relationship	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 understanding	nmod
13	between	between	ADP	_	14 humans	case
14	humans	human	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 relationship	nmod
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 chimpanzees	cc
16	chimpanzees	chimpanzee	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 humans	conj
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the statement	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent statement=Theme
2	establish	participle			vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	understand			the relationship between humans and chimpanzees	nom understanding «cognition transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Chimpanzees are descended directly from present-day humans

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Chimpanzees	chimpanzee	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 descended	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 descended	aux:pass
3	descended	descend	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	directly	directly	ADV	_	3 descended	advmod
5	from	from	ADP	_	9 humans	case
6	present	present	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 day	amod
7	-	-	PUNCT	_	6 present	punct
8	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 humans	compound
9	humans	human	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 descended	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	descend	present · passive		Chimpanzees				from day humans; directly property	vn meander-47.7-1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 2

No relationship of any kind exists between the two species

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	2 relationship	det
2	relationship	relationship	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 exists	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 kind	case
4	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	5 kind	det
5	kind	kind	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 relationship	nmod
6	exists	exist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	between	between	ADP	_	10 species	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 species	det
9	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	10 species	nummod
10	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 exists	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exist	present	no relationship of any kind			the two species			vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme between species=Location

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Both descend from a common ancestor that lived some six to seven million years ago

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	2 descend	nsubj
2	descend	descend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	6 ancestor	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 ancestor	det
5	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 ancestor	amod
6	ancestor	ancestor	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 descend	obl
7	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 lived	nsubj
8	lived	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 ancestor	acl:relcl
9	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	14 years	det
10	six	six	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	13 million	compound
11	to	to	ADP	_	12 seven	case
12	seven	seven	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	10 six	nmod
13	million	million	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	14 years	nummod
14	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 lived	obl:unmarked
15	ago	ago	ADV	_	14 years	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	descend	present	Both			a common ancestor			vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from ancestor=Location
2	live	past	a common ancestor				year		vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

Humans are descended directly from the chimpanzees living in Africa at the present day

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Humans	human	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 descended	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 descended	aux:pass
3	descended	descend	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	directly	directly	ADV	_	3 descended	advmod
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 chimpanzees	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 chimpanzees	det
7	chimpanzees	chimpanzee	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 descended	obl
8	living	live	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 chimpanzees	acl
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 Africa	case
10	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 living	obl
11	at	at	ADP	_	14 day	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 day	det
13	present	present	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 day	amod
14	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 living	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	descend	present · passive		Humans		the chimpanzees		directly property	vn meander-47.7-1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme
2	live	gerund	the chimpanzees not said here			Africa	day		vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in africa=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/17-how-close-are-apes-to-us/e1/