Test 3 · ★★★ · How close are apes to us?

A cartoon shows a line of apes standing up one by one and turning into a man. What is closer to the truth?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: cartoon, apes · What happens: show, stand up, turn, be · To what, where: line, one

This is test 3 · ★★★ of lesson 17 «How close are apes to us?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A cartoon shows a line of apes standing up one by one and turning into a man.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 cartoon	det
2	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shows	nsubj
3	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 line	det
5	line	line	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shows	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 apes	case
7	apes	ape	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 line	nmod
8	standing	stand	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 apes	acl
9	up	up	ADP	_	8 standing	compound:prt
10	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 standing	obl
11	by	by	ADP	_	12 one	case
12	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	10 one	nmod
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 turning	cc
14	turning	turn	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 standing	conj
15	into	into	ADP	_	17 man	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 man	det
17	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 turning	obl
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 shows	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	show	present	a cartoon	a line of apes		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent line=Recipient
2	stand up	gerund	apes not said here	one by one		vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	turn	gerund	apes not said here		into a man result	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into man=Result

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is closer to the truth?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 closer	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 closer	cop
3	closer	close	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 truth	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 truth	det
6	truth	truth	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 closer	obl
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 closer	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						to the truth; close property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Humans and apes branch from shared ancestors, like a family tree, not a ladder

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Humans	human	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 branch	nsubj
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 apes	cc
3	apes	ape	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Humans	conj
4	branch	branch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 ancestors	case
6	shared	share	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 ancestors	amod
7	ancestors	ancestor	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 branch	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 tree	punct
9	like	like	ADP	_	12 tree	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 tree	det
11	family	family	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 tree	compound
12	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 branch	parataxis
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 ladder	punct
14	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	16 ladder	advmod
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 ladder	det
16	ladder	ladder	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 tree	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	branch	present	Humans and apes					from shared ancestors	vn differ-23.4 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme from ancestor=Co-Theme
2	share	participle							tree rules

Option 2

Every chimp will one day become a man

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	2 chimp	det
2	chimp	chimp	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 become	nsubj
3	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 become	aux
4	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 day	nummod
5	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 become	obl:unmarked
6	become	become	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 man	det
8	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 become	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	become	future	every chimp	a man			day		vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

Option 3

Apes stood up because they were cold

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Apes	ape	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 stood	nsubj
2	stood	stand	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	up	up	ADP	_	2 stood	compound:prt
4	because	because	SCONJ	_	7 cold	mark
5	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 cold	nsubj
6	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 cold	cop
7	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 stood	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stand up	past	Apes						vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is	past	Apes = ape					cold property	tree rules

Option 4

Gorillas slowly turned into chimps, and then chimps turned into people

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Gorillas	gorilla	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 turned	nsubj
2	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	3 turned	advmod
3	turned	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	into	into	ADP	_	5 chimps	case
5	chimps	chimp	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 turned	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 turned	punct
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 turned	cc
8	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	10 turned	advmod
9	chimps	chimp	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 turned	nsubj
10	turned	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 turned	conj
11	into	into	ADP	_	12 people	case
12	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 turned	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn	past	Gorillas			chimps		slowly property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into chimp=Trajectory
2	turn	past	chimps				then	into people result	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into people=Result

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/17-how-close-are-apes-to-us/t3/