Exam question 3 · Antarctica: emperor huddles, krill, clear-blooded fish and…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the ecological position of Antarctic krill?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: ecological position

This is exam question 3 of lesson 170 «Antarctica: emperor huddles, krill, clear-blooded fish and stone-stealing penguins» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 position	det
10	ecological	ecological	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 position	amod
11	position	position	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 krill	case
13	Antarctic	antarctic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 krill	amod
14	krill	krill	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 position	nmod
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the ecological position of Antarctic krill				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

They are a species of flowering plant

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 species	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 species	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 species	det
4	species	species	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	SCONJ	_	6 flowering	mark
6	flowering	flower	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 species	acl
7	plant	plant	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 flowering	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	They	a species					tree rules
2	flower	gerund	a species not said here	plant					vn entity_specific_modes_being-47.2 «NP.location V NP»: agent=Location plant=Theme

Option 2

They inhabit the freshwater lakes of the Arctic

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 inhabit	nsubj
2	inhabit	inhabit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 lakes	det
4	freshwater	freshwater	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 lakes	compound
5	lakes	lake	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 inhabit	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 Arctic	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Arctic	det
8	Arctic	Arctic	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 lakes	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	inhabit	present	They	the freshwater lakes of the Arctic					tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

They constitute a principal food of penguins, seals, fish and whales and may exceed in total mass the whole of humanity

The tree, 21 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 constitute	nsubj
2	constitute	constitute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 food	det
4	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 food	amod
5	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 constitute	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 penguins	case
7	penguins	penguin	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 food	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 seals	punct
9	seals	seal	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 penguins	conj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 fish	punct
11	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 penguins	conj
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 whales	cc
13	whales	whale	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 penguins	conj
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 exceed	cc
15	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	16 exceed	aux
16	exceed	exceed	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 constitute	conj
17	in	in	ADP	_	19 mass	case
18	total	total	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 mass	amod
19	mass	mass	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 exceed	obl
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 whole	det
21	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 mass	amod
22	of	of	ADP	_	23 humanity	case
23	humanity	humanity	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 whole	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	constitute	present	They	a principal food of penguins and seals and fish and whales					vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme food=Pivot
2	exceed	may	They not said here					in total mass	vn exceed-90 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in mass=Attribute

Option 4

They are a minor species consumed by no other animal

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 species	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 species	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 species	det
4	minor	minor	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 species	amod
5	species	species	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	consumed	consume	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 species	acl
7	by	by	ADP	_	10 animal	case
8	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	10 animal	det
9	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 animal	amod
10	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 consumed	obl:agent

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	They	a minor species					tree rules
2	consume	participle		a minor species not said here					vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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