Exam question 2 · Antarctica: emperor huddles, krill, clear-blooded fish and…

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the blood of the Antarctic icefish.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, blood

This is exam question 2 of lesson 170 «Antarctica: emperor huddles, krill, clear-blooded fish and stone-stealing penguins» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 blood	det
11	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	15 icefish	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 icefish	det
14	Antarctic	antarctic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 icefish	amod
15	icefish	icefish	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 blood	nmod
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the blood of the Antarctic icefish		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus blood=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It is frozen throughout the winter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 frozen	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 frozen	aux:pass
3	frozen	freeze	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	throughout	throughout	ADP	_	6 winter	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 winter	det
6	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 frozen	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	freeze	present · passive		It			winter		vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

It is coloured blue by reason of the copper it contains

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 coloured	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 coloured	aux:pass
3	coloured	colour	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	blue	blue	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 coloured	xcomp
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 reason	case
6	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 coloured	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 copper	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 copper	det
9	copper	copper	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 reason	nmod
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 contains	nsubj
11	contains	contain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 copper	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	colour	present · passive	reason of the copper	It				blue property	tree rules
2	contain	present	copper	the copper not said here					vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot copper=Theme

Option 3

It is composed entirely of sea water

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 composed	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 composed	aux:pass
3	composed	compose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	3 composed	advmod
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 water	case
6	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 water	compound
7	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 composed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	compose	present · passive		It				of sea water; entirely property	vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It is colourless by reason of the absence of red blood cells

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 colourless	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 colourless	cop
3	colourless	colourless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 reason	case
5	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 colourless	obl
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 absence	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 absence	det
8	absence	absence	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 reason	nmod
9	of	of	ADP	_	12 cells	case
10	red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 cells	amod
11	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 cells	compound
12	cells	cell	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 absence	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					by reason of the absence of red blood cells; colourless property	tree rules
2	absent			red blood cells					nom absence «state transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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