Exam question 4 · Coral reef partners and tricksters: clownfish, cleaners, m…

Ascertain the means by which the pufferfish renders itself too large to be consumed.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, the, pufferfish · What happens: ascertain, mean, render, consume · To what, where: pufferfish

This is exam question 4 of lesson 173 «Coral reef partners and tricksters: clownfish, cleaners, mimics and puffers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 means	nsubj
3	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Ascertain	ccomp
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 renders	obl
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 pufferfish	det
7	pufferfish	pufferfish	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 renders	nsubj
8	renders	render	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 means	parataxis
9	itself	itself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	8 renders	obj
10	too	too	ADV	_	11 large	advmod
11	large	large	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 renders	xcomp
12	to	to	PART	_	14 consumed	mark
13	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	14 consumed	aux:pass
14	consumed	consume	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 large	advcl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here			vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	mean	present	the			vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
3	render	present	the pufferfish	pufferfish	large property	vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent itself=Theme
4	consume	to-infinitive · passive	the pufferfish not said here			vn consume-66 «NP V NP»

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Its skeleton is extended by additional bones

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 skeleton	nmod:poss
2	skeleton	skeleton	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 extended	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 extended	aux:pass
4	extended	extend	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 bones	case
6	additional	additional	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 bones	amod
7	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 extended	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	extend	present · passive	additional bones	Its skeleton					vn body_motion-49.2-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent subject=Theme

Option 2

It adheres to larger fish for concealment

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 adheres	nsubj
2	adheres	adhere	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	ADP	_	5 fish	case
4	larger	large	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 fish	amod
5	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 adheres	obl
6	for	for	ADP	_	7 concealment	case
7	concealment	concealment	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 adheres	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	adhere	present	It					to larger fish; for concealment	vn cling-22.5 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to fish=Co-Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Water is swallowed so that the body is distended into a sphere

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 swallowed	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 swallowed	aux:pass
3	swallowed	swallow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	so	so	SCONJ	ExtPos=SCONJ	9 distended	mark
5	that	that	SCONJ	_	4 so	fixed
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 body	det
7	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 distended	nsubj:pass
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 distended	aux:pass
9	distended	distend	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 swallowed	advcl
10	into	into	ADP	_	12 sphere	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 sphere	det
12	sphere	sphere	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 distended	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	swallow	present · passive		Water					vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	distend	present · passive		the body				into a sphere result	vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP PP.result»: subject=Patient into sphere=Result

Option 4

Air is expelled forcibly through its gills

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 expelled	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 expelled	aux:pass
3	expelled	expel	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	forcibly	forcibly	ADV	_	3 expelled	advmod
5	through	through	ADP	_	7 gills	case
6	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 gills	nmod:poss
7	gills	gill	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 expelled	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	expel	present · passive		Air		Air's gills		forcibly property	vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/173-coral-reef-partners-and-tricksters-clownfish-cleaners-mimics-and-puffers/e4/