Test 9 · Reef giants and wanderers: whale sharks, mantas, dugongs a…
A diver sees a small fish fixed to a manta's belly, upside down. What is it?
Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: diver · What happens: see, fix, be · To what, where: small fish
This is test 9 of lesson 174 «Reef giants and wanderers: whale sharks, mantas, dugongs and sea turtles» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: A diver sees a small fish fixed to a manta's belly, upside down.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 diver | det |
| 2 | diver | diver | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 sees | nsubj |
| 3 | sees | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 fish | det |
| 5 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 fish | amod |
| 6 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 sees | obj |
| 7 | fixed | fix | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 fish | acl |
| 8 | to | to | ADP | _ | 12 belly | case |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 manta | det |
| 10 | manta | manta | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 belly | nmod:poss |
| 11 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 10 manta | case |
| 12 | belly | belly | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 fixed | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 upside | punct |
| 14 | upside | upside | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 fish | conj |
| 15 | down | down | ADV | _ | 14 upside | advmod |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 sees | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | present | a diver | a small fish and upside | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer fish=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | fix | participle | a small fish and upside not said here | to a manta's belly | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent to belly=Co-Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What is it?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | root | root |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 What | cop |
| 3 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 1 What | nsubj |
| 4 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 1 What | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | diver | tree rules |
The options
Option 1 · ✓ the right answer
A remora holding on with its sucker
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 remora | det |
| 2 | remora | remora | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | holding | hold | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 2 remora | acl |
| 4 | on | on | ADP | _ | 3 holding | compound:prt |
| 5 | with | with | ADP | _ | 7 sucker | case |
| 6 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 sucker | nmod:poss |
| 7 | sucker | sucker | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 holding | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hold on | gerund | a remora not said here | with remora's sucker | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Option 2 · ← Mova's choice
A fish that the manta caught and is carrying
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 fish | det |
| 2 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 carrying | nsubj |
| 3 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 6 caught | mark |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 manta | det |
| 5 | manta | manta | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 caught | nsubj |
| 6 | caught | catch | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 fish | acl:relcl |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 caught | cc |
| 8 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 carrying | aux |
| 9 | carrying | carry | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | catch | participle | the manta | a fish not said here | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Theme | ||||
| 2 | carry | present · progressive | a fish | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
Option 3
A baby manta riding along on its back
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 manta | det |
| 2 | baby | baby | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 manta | compound |
| 3 | manta | manta | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | riding | ride | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 manta | acl |
| 5 | along | along | ADV | _ | 4 riding | advmod |
| 6 | on | on | ADP | _ | 8 back | case |
| 7 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 back | nmod:poss |
| 8 | back | back | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 riding | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ride along | gerund | a baby manta not said here | manta's back | along property | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
Option 4
A big barnacle stuck tight to its skin
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 barnacle | det |
| 2 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 barnacle | amod |
| 3 | barnacle | barnacle | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | stuck | stick | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 barnacle | acl |
| 5 | tight | tight | ADV | _ | 4 stuck | advmod |
| 6 | to | to | ADP | _ | 8 skin | case |
| 7 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 skin | nmod:poss |
| 8 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 stuck | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stick | participle | a big barnacle not said here | to barnacle's skin; tight property | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent to skin=Co-Patient |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/174-reef-giants-and-wanderers-whale-sharks-mantas-dugongs-and-sea-turtles/t9/