Exam question 2 · Mangroves: trees in salt water, mudskippers, archerfish an…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the hunting method of the archerfish?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: hunting method

This is exam question 2 of lesson 178 «Mangroves: trees in salt water, mudskippers, archerfish and swimming tigers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 method	det
10	hunting	hunting	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 method	compound
11	method	method	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 archerfish	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 archerfish	det
14	archerfish	archerfish	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 method	nmod
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the hunting method of the archerfish				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It captures insects with an extended tongue

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 captures	nsubj
2	captures	capture	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 captures	obj
4	with	with	ADP	_	7 tongue	case
5	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 tongue	det
6	extended	extended	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 tongue	amod
7	tongue	tongue	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 captures	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	capture	present	It	insects				with a extended tongue	vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insect=Theme

Option 2

It ascends trees to seize insects

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 ascends	nsubj
2	ascends	ascend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 ascends	obj
4	to	to	PART	_	5 seize	mark
5	seize	seize	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 ascends	advcl
6	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 seize	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ascend	present	It	trees					vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme tree=Trajectory
2	seize	to-infinitive		insects					vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insect=Theme

Option 3

It awaits insects falling of their own accord into the water beneath the mangroves

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 awaits	nsubj
2	awaits	await	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 awaits	obj
4	falling	fall	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 insects	acl
5	of	of	ADP	_	8 accord	case
6	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 accord	nmod:poss
7	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 accord	amod
8	accord	accord	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 falling	obl
9	into	into	ADP	_	11 water	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 water	det
11	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 falling	obl
12	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	14 mangroves	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 mangroves	det
14	mangroves	mangrove	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 awaits	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	await	present	It	insects				beneath the mangroves	tree rules
2	fall	gerund	insects not said here			the water		of insects's own accord	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme of accord=Initial_Location into water=Destination

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It dislodges insects with a jet of water, correcting for the bending of light

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 dislodges	nsubj
2	dislodges	dislodge	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 dislodges	obj
4	with	with	ADP	_	6 jet	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 jet	det
6	jet	jet	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 dislodges	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 water	case
8	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 jet	nmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 correcting	punct
10	correcting	correct	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 dislodges	advcl
11	for	for	ADP	_	13 bending	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 bending	det
13	bending	bending	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 correcting	obl
14	of	of	ADP	_	15 light	case
15	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 bending	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dislodge	present	It	insects				with a jet of water	vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insect=Theme
2	correct speech: disagree	gerund						for the bending of light	vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/178-mangroves-trees-in-salt-water-mudskippers-archerfish-and-swimming-tigers/e2/