Exam question 1 · Mangroves: trees in salt water, mudskippers, archerfish an…

Identify the function of the pneumatophores of certain species of mangrove.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify · To what, where: function

This is exam question 1 of lesson 178 «Mangroves: trees in salt water, mudskippers, archerfish and swimming tigers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 function	det
3	function	function	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 pneumatophores	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 pneumatophores	det
6	pneumatophores	pneumatophore	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 function	nmod
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 species	case
8	certain	certain	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 species	amod
9	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 pneumatophores	nmod
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 mangrove	case
11	mangrove	mangrove	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 species	nmod
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the function of the pneumatophores of certain species of mangrove					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent function=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

They capture insects for nutrition

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 capture	nsubj
2	capture	capture	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 capture	obj
4	for	for	ADP	_	5 nutrition	case
5	nutrition	nutrition	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 capture	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	capture	present	They	insects				for nutrition	vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent insect=Theme for nutrition=Beneficiary

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

They protrude from the mud and admit air to the root system

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 protrude	nsubj
2	protrude	protrude	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	5 mud	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 mud	det
5	mud	mud	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 protrude	obl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 admit	cc
7	admit	admit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 protrude	conj
8	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 admit	obj
9	to	to	ADP	_	12 system	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 system	det
11	root	root	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 system	compound
12	system	system	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 admit	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	protrude	present	They			the mud			vn spatial_configuration-47.6 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	admit speech: other	present	They not said here	air	the root system				vn confess-37.10 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent air=Topic to system=Recipient

Option 3

They anchor the tree to rock

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 anchor	nsubj
2	anchor	anchor	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 tree	det
4	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 anchor	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 rock	mark
6	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 anchor	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	anchor	present	They	the tree					vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tree=Patient

Option 4

They secrete salt into the surrounding sea

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 secrete	nsubj
2	secrete	secrete	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	salt	salt	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 secrete	obj
4	into	into	ADP	_	7 sea	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 sea	det
6	surrounding	surround	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 sea	amod
7	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 secrete	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	secrete	present	They	salt		the surrounding sea			tree rules
2	surround	gerund							vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/178-mangroves-trees-in-salt-water-mudskippers-archerfish-and-swimming-tigers/e1/