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Test 3 · ★ · Mangroves: trees in salt water, mudskippers, archerfish an…

In Peter Pan the crocodile follows Captain Hook because it swallowed a ticking clock. What is true of real saltwater crocodiles?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: crocodile · What happens: follow, swallow, be · To what, where: Captain Hook, Peter, ticking clock

This is test 3 · ★ of lesson 178 «Mangroves: trees in salt water, mudskippers, archerfish and swimming tigers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In Peter Pan the crocodile follows Captain Hook because it swallowed a ticking clock.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 Peter	case
2	Peter	Peter	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 follows	obl
3	Pan	Pan	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Peter	flat
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 crocodile	det
5	crocodile	crocodile	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 follows	nsubj
6	follows	follow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	Captain	Captain	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 Hook	compound
8	Hook	hook	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 follows	obj
9	because	because	SCONJ	_	11 swallowed	mark
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 swallowed	nsubj
11	swallowed	swallow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 follows	advcl
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 clock	det
13	ticking	ticking	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 clock	compound
14	clock	clock	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 swallowed	obj
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 follows	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	present	the crocodile	Captain Hook		Peter			vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent hook=Theme in peter=Trajectory
2	swallow	past	crocodile	a ticking clock					vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clock=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is true of real saltwater crocodiles?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 crocodiles	case
5	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 crocodiles	amod
6	saltwater	saltwater	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 crocodiles	compound
7	crocodiles	crocodile	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 true	obl
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						of real saltwater crocodiles; true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

They follow ticking sounds

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 follow	nsubj
2	follow	follow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	ticking	tick	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 follow	xcomp
4	sounds	sound	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 ticking	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	present	They						vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
2	tick	gerund	They not said here	sounds					vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location sound=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

They are dangerous, so people must stay far from riverbanks

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 dangerous	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 dangerous	cop
3	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 stay	punct
5	so	so	ADV	_	8 stay	advmod
6	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 stay	nsubj
7	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 stay	aux
8	stay	stay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 dangerous	conj
9	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	8 stay	advmod
10	from	from	ADP	_	11 riverbanks	case
11	riverbanks	riverbank	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 stay	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	They					dangerous property	tree rules
2	stay	must	people			riverbanks		far property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

They live only in cold mountain lakes, far away from the sea and from people

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 live	nsubj
2	live	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	7 lakes	advmod
4	in	in	ADP	_	7 lakes	case
5	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 lakes	amod
6	mountain	mountain	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 lakes	compound
7	lakes	lake	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 live	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 away	punct
9	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	10 away	advmod
10	away	away	ADV	_	2 live	advmod
11	from	from	ADP	_	13 sea	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 sea	det
13	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 away	obl
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 people	cc
15	from	from	ADP	_	16 people	case
16	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 away	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	live	present	They			cold mountain lakes		away property	vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in lake=Location

Option 4

They are friendly to pirates

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 friendly	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 friendly	cop
3	friendly	friendly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	5 pirates	case
5	pirates	pirate	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 friendly	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	They					to pirates; friendly property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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