Exam question 1 · Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm, glowworms and a se…

Identify the means by which bats locate obstacles and prey in complete darkness.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, the, bats · What happens: identify, mean, locate · To what, where: obstacles, complete darkness · Speech: someone speaks here

This is exam question 1 of lesson 179 «Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm, glowworms and a sealed cave» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 means	nsubj
3	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Identify	ccomp
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 locate	obl
6	bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 locate	nsubj
7	locate	locate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 means	ccomp
8	obstacles	obstacle	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 locate	obj
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 prey	cc
10	prey	prey	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 obstacles	conj
11	in	in	ADP	_	13 darkness	case
12	complete	complete	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 darkness	amod
13	darkness	darkness	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 locate	obl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here			vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	mean	present	the			vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	locate	present	bats	obstacles and prey	complete darkness	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

They emit light from their mouths

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 emit	nsubj
2	emit	emit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 emit	obj
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 mouths	case
5	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 mouths	nmod:poss
6	mouths	mouth	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 emit	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	emit	present	They	light		their mouths			vn substance_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source light=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

They emit clicks and interpret the returning echoes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 emit	nsubj
2	emit	emit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	clicks	click	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 emit	obj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 interpret	cc
5	interpret	interpret	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 emit	conj
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 echoes	det
7	returning	returning	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 echoes	compound
8	echoes	echo	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 interpret	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	emit	present	They	clicks					vn substance_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source click=Theme
2	interpret	present	They not said here	the returning echoes					vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent echo=Theme

Option 3

They rely exclusively upon touch

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 rely	nsubj
2	rely	rely	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	2 rely	advmod
4	upon	upon	ADP	_	5 touch	case
5	touch	touch	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 rely	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	rely	present	They					upon touch; exclusively property	vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S_ING»: agent=Agent

Option 4

They perceive heat with their wings

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 perceive	nsubj
2	perceive	perceive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 perceive	obj
4	with	with	ADP	_	6 wings	case
5	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 wings	nmod:poss
6	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 perceive	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	perceive	present	They	heat				with their wings	vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer heat=Stimulus

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave/e1/