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Test 1 · Strange islands: Komodo dragons, the dodo, red crabs, kaka…

In Ice Age a gang of silly dodos fight over a melon and fall off a cliff one after another. What is the truth?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: gang, truth · What happens: fight, fall off, be · To what, where: Ice Age, cliff one

This is test 1 of lesson 181 «Strange islands: Komodo dragons, the dodo, red crabs, kakapos, giants and dwarfs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In Ice Age a gang of silly dodos fight over a melon and fall off a cliff one after another.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 Age	case
2	Ice	Ice	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 Age	compound
3	Age	Age	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 fight	obl
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 gang	det
5	gang	gang	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 fight	nsubj
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 dodos	case
7	silly	silly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 dodos	amod
8	dodos	dodo	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 gang	nmod
9	fight	fight	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	over	over	ADP	_	12 melon	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 melon	det
12	melon	melon	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 fight	obl
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 fall	cc
14	fall	fall	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 fight	conj
15	off	off	ADP	_	14 fall	compound:prt
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 one	det
17	cliff	cliff	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 one	compound
18	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 fall	obj
19	after	after	ADP	_	20 another	case
20	another	another	DET	PronType=Ind	18 one	nmod
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 fight	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fight	present	a gang of silly dodos				in Ice Age	over a melon	vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V PP.theme NP S_ING»: agent=Agent over melon=Theme
2	fall off	infinitive	a gang of silly dodos not said here	a cliff one			after another		vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient one=Extent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is the truth?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 truth	det
4	truth	truth	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the truth						tree rules

The options

Option 1

Dodos are still alive in the Arctic

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dodos	dodo	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 alive	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 alive	cop
3	still	still	ADV	_	4 alive	advmod
4	alive	alive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 Arctic	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Arctic	det
7	Arctic	Arctic	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 alive	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Dodos			the Arctic	still	alive property	tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Dodos were tiny birds that lived in the snow

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dodos	dodo	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 birds	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 birds	cop
3	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 birds	amod
4	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
5	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 lived	nsubj
6	lived	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 birds	acl:relcl
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 snow	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 snow	det
9	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 lived	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	Dodos	tiny birds					tree rules
2	live	past	tiny birds			the snow			vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in snow=Location

Option 3

Dodos really did die out by falling off cliffs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dodos	dodo	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 die	nsubj
2	really	really	ADV	_	4 die	advmod
3	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 die	aux
4	die	die	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	out	out	ADP	_	4 die	compound:prt
6	by	by	SCONJ	_	7 falling	mark
7	falling	fall	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 die	advcl
8	off	off	ADP	_	7 falling	compound:prt
9	cliffs	cliff	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 falling	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	die out	past · do-support	Dodos						vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
2	fall off	gerund	Dodos not said here	cliffs					vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient cliff=Extent

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The dodo was not stupid; it just had no reason to fear people, and sailors' animals ate its eggs

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 dodo	det
2	dodo	dodo	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 stupid	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 stupid	cop
4	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 stupid	advmod
5	stupid	stupid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	;	;	PUNCT	_	9 had	punct
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 had	nsubj
8	just	just	ADV	_	9 had	advmod
9	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 stupid	parataxis
10	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	11 reason	det
11	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 had	obj
12	to	to	PART	_	13 fear	mark
13	fear	fear	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 reason	acl
14	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 fear	obj
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 ate	punct
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 ate	cc
17	sailors	sailor	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 animals	nmod:poss
18	'	's	PART	_	17 sailors	case
19	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 ate	nsubj
20	ate	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 stupid	parataxis
21	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	22 eggs	nmod:poss
22	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 ate	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not is	past	the dodo					stupid property	tree rules
2	have	past	dodo	no reason					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Patient
3	fear	to-infinitive	dodo not said here	people					vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer people=Stimulus
4	eat	past	sailors's animals	dodo's eggs					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/181-strange-islands-komodo-dragons-the-dodo-red-crabs-kakapos-giants-and-dwarfs/t1/