Test 9 · ★★ · Record-breakers: the fastest and the slowest

«horses sleep lying down only, everyone knows» What is right?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: horses, everyone · What happens: sleep, lie down, know, be · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 9 · ★★ of lesson 185 «Record-breakers: the fastest and the slowest» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	3 sleep	punct
2	horses	horse	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 sleep	nsubj
3	sleep	sleep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	lying	lie	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 sleep	xcomp
5	down	down	ADV	_	4 lying	advmod
6	only	only	ADV	_	4 lying	advmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 knows	punct
8	everyone	everyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	9 knows	nsubj
9	knows	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 sleep	conj
10	»	»	PUNCT	_	9 knows	punct
11	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	13 right	nsubj
12	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 right	cop
13	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 knows	ccomp
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 sleep	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	sleep in a quote	present	horses		tree rules
2	lie down in a quote	gerund	horses not said here	down property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	know in a quote	present	everyone		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
4	is	present		right property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Horses can doze standing up because tendons lock their legs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Horses	horse	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 doze	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 doze	aux
3	doze	doze	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	standing	stand	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 doze	xcomp
5	up	up	ADP	_	4 standing	compound:prt
6	because	because	SCONJ	_	8 lock	mark
7	tendons	tendon	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 lock	nsubj
8	lock	lock	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 doze	advcl
9	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 legs	nmod:poss
10	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 lock	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	doze	can	Horses		tree rules
2	stand up	gerund	Horses not said here		vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	lock	present	tendons	tendons's legs	vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leg=Patient

Option 2

Horses sleep hanging upside down from trees, like bats in a cave

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Horses	horse	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 sleep	nsubj
2	sleep	sleep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	hanging	hang	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 sleep	xcomp
4	upside	upside	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hanging	obj
5	down	down	ADV	_	3 hanging	advmod
6	from	from	ADP	_	7 trees	case
7	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 hanging	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 bats	punct
9	like	like	ADP	_	10 bats	case
10	bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 sleep	obl
11	in	in	ADP	_	13 cave	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 cave	det
13	cave	cave	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 sleep	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sleep	present	Horses			a cave		like bats	tree rules
2	hang down	gerund	Horses not said here	upside		trees		down property	vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent upside=Patient

Option 3

Right, they always lie down

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Right	right	INTJ	_	5 lie	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Right	punct
3	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 lie	nsubj
4	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	5 lie	advmod
5	lie	lie	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	down	down	ADP	_	5 lie	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lie down	present	they					always property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

Horses never sleep

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Horses	horse	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 sleep	nsubj
2	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	3 sleep	advmod
3	sleep	sleep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not sleep	present	Horses						vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/185-record-breakers-the-fastest-and-the-slowest/t9/