Exam question 4 · Masters of camouflage

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the potoo.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, potoo

This is exam question 4 of lesson 189 «Masters of camouflage» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 potoo	det
11	potoo	potoo	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the potoo		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus potoo=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It is a species of moth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 species	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 species	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 species	det
4	species	species	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 moth	case
6	moth	moth	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 species	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a species				of moth	tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It resembles a dead stump and perceives its surroundings through notches in its closed eyelids

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 resembles	nsubj
2	resembles	resemble	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 stump	det
4	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 stump	amod
5	stump	stump	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 resembles	obj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 perceives	cc
7	perceives	perceive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 resembles	conj
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 surroundings	nmod:poss
9	surroundings	surroundings	NOUN	Number=Ptan	7 perceives	obj
10	through	through	ADP	_	11 notches	case
11	notches	notch	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 perceives	obl
12	in	in	ADP	_	15 eyelids	case
13	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 eyelids	nmod:poss
14	closed	close	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	15 eyelids	amod
15	eyelids	eyelid	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 perceives	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	resemble	present	It	a dead stump			tree rules
2	perceive	present		stump's surroundings	notches	in stump's closed eyelids	vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer surroundings=Stimulus
3	close	participle					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 3

It conceals itself beneath the sea floor

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 conceals	nsubj
2	conceals	conceal	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	itself	itself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	2 conceals	obj
4	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	7 floor	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 floor	det
6	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 floor	compound
7	floor	floor	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 conceals	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	conceal	present	It	itself = it		the sea floor			vn concealment-16 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent itself=Patient beneath floor=Location

Option 4

It alters its colour within one second

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 alters	nsubj
2	alters	alter	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 colour	nmod:poss
4	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 alters	obj
5	within	within	ADP	_	7 second	case
6	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 second	nummod
7	second	second	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 alters	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	alter	present	It	its colour			second		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent colour=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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