Exam question 4 · Dogs: from wolves to hundreds of breeds

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the rule that one year of a dog's life equals seven human years.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts, one year · What happens: select, establish, concern, equal · To what, where: response, rule

This is exam question 4 of lesson 192 «Dogs: from wolves to hundreds of breeds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 rule	det
11	rule	rule	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	that	that	SCONJ	_	20 equals	mark
13	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	14 year	nummod
14	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 equals	nsubj
15	of	of	ADP	_	19 life	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 dog	det
17	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 life	nmod:poss
18	's	's	PART	_	17 dog	case
19	life	life	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 year	nmod
20	equals	equal	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 rule	acl
21	seven	seven	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	23 years	nummod
22	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 years	amod
23	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 equals	obj
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response		consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle					vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the rule			vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus rule=Experiencer
4	equal	present	one year of a dog's life	the rule not said here	year		tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It is an exact law of nature applying equally to all breeds, whatever their size or their weight

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 law	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 law	cop
3	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 law	det
4	exact	exact	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 law	amod
5	law	law	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 nature	case
7	nature	nature	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 law	nmod
8	applying	apply	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 law	acl
9	equally	equally	ADV	_	8 applying	advmod
10	to	to	ADP	_	12 breeds	case
11	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	12 breeds	det
12	breeds	breed	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 applying	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 whatever	punct
14	whatever	whatever	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 law	conj
15	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 size	nmod:poss
16	size	size	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 whatever	nsubj
17	or	or	CCONJ	_	19 weight	cc
18	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	19 weight	nmod:poss
19	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 size	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a exact law				of nature	tree rules
2	apply	gerund	a exact law not said here					to all breeds; equally property	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 2

It applies exclusively to the largest breeds, the smaller ones ageing at the same rate as men

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 applies	nsubj
2	applies	apply	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	2 applies	advmod
4	to	to	ADP	_	7 breeds	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 breeds	det
6	largest	large	ADJ	Degree=Sup	7 breeds	amod
7	breeds	breed	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 applies	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 ones	punct
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 ones	det
10	smaller	small	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	11 ones	amod
11	ones	one	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 breeds	appos
12	ageing	age	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 ones	acl
13	at	at	ADP	_	16 rate	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 rate	det
15	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 rate	amod
16	rate	rate	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 ageing	obl
17	as	as	ADP	_	18 men	case
18	men	man	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 ageing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	apply	present	It					to the largest breeds; exclusively property	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	age	gerund	the smaller ones not said here			the same rate		as men	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 3

It has been proved correct for all mammals

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 proved	nsubj:pass
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 proved	aux
3	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	4 proved	aux:pass
4	proved	prove	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	correct	correct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 proved	xcomp
6	for	for	ADP	_	8 mammals	case
7	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	8 mammals	det
8	mammals	mammal	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 proved	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prove	present · perfect · passive		It				for all mammals; correct property	vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It is a rough approximation, dogs maturing rapidly in the first year and ageing more slowly thereafter

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 approximation	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 approximation	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 approximation	det
4	rough	rough	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 approximation	amod
5	approximation	approximation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 dogs	punct
7	dogs	dog	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 approximation	conj
8	maturing	mature	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 dogs	acl
9	rapidly	rapidly	ADV	_	8 maturing	advmod
10	in	in	ADP	_	13 year	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 year	det
12	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	13 year	amod
13	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 maturing	obl
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 ageing	cc
15	ageing	ageing	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 year	conj
16	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	17 slowly	advmod
17	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	8 maturing	advmod
18	thereafter	thereafter	ADV	_	8 maturing	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a rough approximation and dogs					tree rules
2	mature	gerund	dogs not said here				year	rapidly, slowly, thereafter property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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