Dogs: from wolves to hundreds of breeds

Tests: 5 of 11 right · Exam: 3 of 4 right · Kind: ★★ · Understood: 12 of 15 · Run: 2026-10-18, commit f3c23ea72

Lesson 192 of the biology course of Mova's primary school, as Mova's small model took its tests: it had read this lesson and the ones before it and learned from their exercises. Each test shows the options in the order the student saw them, its choice, the right answer, the score of every option and why it chose. The lesson itself, sentence by sentence with trees and pragmatics: the lesson in the corpora.

Every question of this lesson and each of its options parsed by Mova, with trees and pragmatics: the lesson's questions in the corpora.

Test 1 · ★★ · right ✓

«my nan's dachshund looks like a sausage on legs, why'd anyone make a dog like that??» What is the real reason?

1. It is a cross between a dog and a ferret, which is why it is so long — score 3
2. Hunters wanted a dog that could follow badgers into their burrows — ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer · score 4
3. Short legs stop it running away from home — no support
4. It was made for sitting on laps and fitting under small chairs — no support

Why: It took the question to ask why something happens (its cause). It chose option 2 with score 4, against 3 for the next best. Its support: lesson 121, line 13: «A dog's nose has hundreds of millions of scent cells, while yours has only a few million, so a dog can follow a trail you cannot even notice.», reached through the option's own match among the sentences about the question's things. What matched: the same action «follow» (+3); the same doer «dog» (+2). Against it: a different thing acted on (counts against) (-1). · the question and its options parsed, with trees and pragmatics

Test 2 · ★★ · wrong ✗

Count them: at the dog show a sheepdog, a terrier, a retriever and a hound line up. How many legs and how many tails?

1. 12 legs and 4 tails — ← Mova's choice · no support
2. 16 legs and 4 tails — ✓ the right answer · no support
3. 20 legs and 4 tails — no support
4. 16 legs and 8 tails — no support

Why: No option found support in what it remembers, so it guessed: it took the first option shown. · the question and its options parsed, with trees and pragmatics

Test 3 · ★★ · right ✓

«we want a puppy that can breathe properly and go on long walks, the vet said pick one with a longer nose. why??» What is right?

1. The vet just likes long noses — no support
2. Very flat faces squeeze the airways, so longer noses breathe and run more easily — ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer · score 5
3. Longer noses can smell the path much better, so the dog never gets lost on long walks — score 4
4. Flat-faced dogs never need walks — no support

Why: It took the question to ask why something happens (its cause). It chose option 2 with score 5, against 4 for the next best. Its support: lesson 140, line 8: «A dog's nose has hundreds of millions of smell cells, the smell part of its brain is huge compared with ours, it sniffs about five to ten times a second, and i…», reached through the option's own match among the sentences about the question's things. What matched: the same action «breathe» (+3); the same doer «nose» (+2). · the question and its options parsed, with trees and pragmatics

Test 4 · ★★ · right ✓

«our dog Max is 2, so he's like 14 in people years, a kid» What is closer to the truth?

1. Max is already a young grown-up; dogs grow up very fast in the first year — ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer · score 3
2. No, he is 2 in people years too, just like a child of two — score 3
3. No, he is still a baby — no support
4. Yes, he is exactly 14, because every single dog year is worth seven of our years — no support

Why: It took the question to ask which statement is true. It chose option 1 with score 3, tied with another option at 3 (the first shown, or the one claiming less beyond what it knows, wins). Its support: lesson 192, line 15: «The rule of seven dog years for each human year is only a rough guess: dogs grow up very fast in the first year, then age more slowly, and small dogs usually l…», reached through the option's own match among the sentences about the question's things. What matched: the same property (+3). · the question and its options parsed, with trees and pragmatics

Test 5 · ★★ · wrong ✗

Count them: a mother dog has 6 puppies, all with their eyes still shut. How many closed eyes are there?

1. 14 — ← Mova's choice · no support
2. 24 — no support
3. 6 — no support
4. 12 — ✓ the right answer · no support

Why: No option found support in what it remembers, so it guessed: it took the first option shown. · the question and its options parsed, with trees and pragmatics

Test 6 · ★★ · wrong ✗

What would happen if a labrador with a thick waterproof coat and a greyhound with a thin coat both swam in a cold lake?

1. Both would feel the same — ← Mova's choice · no support
2. The labrador would sink — no support
3. The labrador would stay much warmer — ✓ the right answer · no support
4. The greyhound would stay warmer — no support

Why: No option found support in what it remembers, so it guessed: it took the first option shown. · the question and its options parsed, with trees and pragmatics

Test 7 · ★★ · right ✓

In a cartoon a dog sweats buckets after chasing the postman. What do real dogs do?

1. They cannot cool down at all — score 3
2. They sweat only from their ears — score 3
3. They sweat all over their bodies through their fur, just like people do — score 3
4. They pant, because they sweat only through their paw pads — ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer · score 8

Why: It took the question to ask what is done. It chose option 4 with score 8, against 3 for the next best. Its support: lesson 24, line 3: «Your dog keeps the wolf's tools: a cold wet nose with hundreds of millions of smell receptors, ears that turn to catch the car coming home before anyone else h…», reached through a sentence linked to the one the question matched. What matched: it fills the role the question asks for (+4); the same action «pant» (+3); its «because» matches the remembered cause (+2). Against it: a different doer (counts against) (-1). · the question and its options parsed, with trees and pragmatics

Test 8 · ★★ · wrong ✗

«mixed breed dogs are always sicker than posh pedigree ones» What is right?

1. No, mixed dogs never get ill — score 2
2. Yes, only pedigrees live long — ← Mova's choice · score 4
3. Yes, every mixed dog is ill, because its parents did not match — score 3
4. No, mixed-breed dogs are often very healthy — ✓ the right answer · score 4

Why: It took the question to ask which statement is true. It chose option 2 with score 4, tied with another option at 4 (the first shown, or the one claiming less beyond what it knows, wins). Its support: lesson 192, line 15: «The rule of seven dog years for each human year is only a rough guess: dogs grow up very fast in the first year, then age more slowly, and small dogs usually l…», reached through the option's own match among the sentences about the question's things. What matched: the same property (+3); the same action «live» (+2). Against it: a different doer (counts against) (-1). The right option, 4, scored 4. · the question and its options parsed, with trees and pragmatics

Test 9 · ★★ · right ✓

«greyhound in a flat? are you mad, it'll need running all day» What is the surprise?

1. Greyhounds never sleep — score 0
2. Greyhounds can only live on racetracks with other racing dogs — no support
3. Yes, it must run for hours every day or it will become ill and sad — score -2
4. Greyhounds are sprinters and sleep most of the day at home — ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer · score 7

Why: It took the question to ask which statement is true. It chose option 4 with score 7, against 0 for the next best. Its support: lesson 192, line 12: «Greyhounds can reach about seventy kilometres an hour thanks to long legs, a deep chest with big lungs and a bendy spine, yet at home they sleep most of the da…», reached through the option's own match among the sentences about the question's things. What matched: the same place «home» (+4); the same action «sleep» (+2); the same thing acted on «most» (+1). · the question and its options parsed, with trees and pragmatics

Test 10 · ★★ · wrong ✗

Your dog stares at you, you stare back and smile. What happens inside both of you?

1. The dog feels angry at being stared at — ← Mova's choice · score 2
2. Both get a rush of a bonding chemical — ✓ the right answer · score 2
3. The dog gets sleepy and nothing else happens — no support
4. Only you feel anything, the dog feels nothing — score 2

Why: It took the question to ask which statement is true. It chose option 1 with score 2, tied with another option at 2 (the first shown, or the one claiming less beyond what it knows, wins). Its support: lesson 140, line 13: «Avalanche dogs find people buried in snow by smell rising through gaps in the snow, searching in minutes an area that would take a team of people hours.», reached through the option's own match among the sentences about the question's things. What matched: the same action «find» (+2). The right option, 2, scored 2. · the question and its options parsed, with trees and pragmatics

Test 11 · ★★ · wrong ✗

Why did people breed retrievers with soft mouths and a love of water, rather than breeding them for speed?

1. Speed was against the law for hunting dogs in those days, so breeders had to choose something else — no support
2. Their job was to bring shot birds back from water without damaging them — ✓ the right answer · no support
3. Water dogs needed no food, which saved their owners money — score 1
4. Soft mouths made them bark less — ← Mova's choice · score 2

Why: It took the question to ask why something happens (its cause). It chose option 4 with score 2, against 1 for the next best. Its support: lesson 21, line 3: «Picture the zoo: the elephant reaches down, pinches one peanut with the tip of its trunk, curls it up and pops it into its mouth, because a short neck and a hu…», reached through the option's own match among the sentences about the question's things. What matched: the same action «reach» (+3); the same doer «mouth» (+2). Against it: a different thing acted on (counts against) (-1); one says «not», the other does not (counts against) (-2). The right option, 2, found no support in what it remembers. · the question and its options parsed, with trees and pragmatics

Exam question 1 · formal language · wrong ✗

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the relationship between the chihuahua and the Great Dane?

1. They are members of distinct species descended from distinct wild ancestors — ← Mova's choice · score 8
2. They are members of a single breed differing only in age — score 8
3. They are members of a single species, differing by reason of selective breeding by man — ✓ the right answer · score 8
4. They are members of the same genus but cannot interbreed in principle — score 8

Why: It took the question to ask who or what does it. It chose option 1 with score 8, tied with another option at 8 (the first shown, or the one claiming less beyond what it knows, wins). Its support: lesson 192, line 1: «In the park a tiny chihuahua and a huge Great Dane sniff each other hello. One could almost stand under the other, yet they greet each other as dogs, because t…», reached through the remembered sentence the question matched. What matched: it fills the role the question asks for (+4); the same light verb (be, have, do, get, go) (+3); the same doer «chihuahua» (+2). Against it: a different thing acted on (counts against) (-1). The right option, 3, scored 8. · the question and its options parsed, with trees and pragmatics

Exam question 2 · formal language · right ✓

Identify the purpose for which the dachshund was originally bred.

1. The pulling of sleds across snow — no support
2. The pursuit of badgers within their burrows — ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer · score 6
3. The retrieval of waterfowl from lakes — no support
4. The herding of sheep upon open hillsides — no support

Why: It took the question to ask which statement is true. It chose option 2 with score 6, the only option with support. Its support: lesson 192, line 10: «Dachshund means badger dog in German; its long body and short legs let it follow badgers underground, but its long back is easily hurt by jumping off sofas.», reached through the same lesson line as the sentence the question matched. What matched: the same action «follow» (+5); the same thing acted on «badgers» (+1). · the question and its options parsed, with trees and pragmatics

Exam question 3 · formal language · right ✓

Ascertain the principal cause of laboured breathing in the pug and the bulldog.

1. The flattening of the face through breeding, which constricts the airways — ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer · score 6
2. The habitual consumption of cold water — no support
3. An inherited fondness for snoring, passed down unchanged from the wolf — no support
4. The excessive length of the tongue, which blocks the throat during sleep — no support

Why: It took the question to ask which statement is true. It chose option 1 with score 6, the only option with support. Its support: lesson 192, line 11: «Pugs and bulldogs were bred for flatter and flatter faces, which squeeze their airways so they snore and can struggle to breathe; vets now advise choosing dogs…», reached through the same lesson line as the sentence the question matched. What matched: the same action «squeeze» (+5); the same thing acted on «airways» (+1). · the question and its options parsed, with trees and pragmatics

Exam question 4 · formal language · right ✓

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the rule that one year of a dog's life equals seven human years.

1. It is an exact law of nature applying equally to all breeds, whatever their size or their weight — no support
2. It applies exclusively to the largest breeds, the smaller ones ageing at the same rate as men — no support
3. It has been proved correct for all mammals — no support
4. It is a rough approximation, dogs maturing rapidly in the first year and ageing more slowly thereafter — ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer · score 8

Why: It took the question to ask which statement is true. It chose option 4 with score 8, the only option with support. Its support: lesson 187, line 9: «Bristlecone pines grow very slowly in harsh mountain places and can live for nearly five thousand years; one called Methuselah is over four thousand years old.», reached through the same lesson line as the sentence the question matched. What matched: the same action «grow» (+5); the same property (+3). · the question and its options parsed, with trees and pragmatics

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