Test 1 · ★★ · Dogs: from wolves to hundreds of breeds

«my nan's dachshund looks like a sausage on legs, why'd anyone make a dog like that??» What is the real reason?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: dachshund, anyone, real reason · What happens: look, make, be · To what, where: dog

This is test 1 · ★★ of lesson 192 «Dogs: from wolves to hundreds of breeds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: «my nan's dachshund looks like a sausage on legs, why'd anyone make a dog like that??»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	6 looks	punct
2	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 nan	nmod:poss
3	nan	nan	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 dachshund	nmod:poss
4	's	's	PART	_	3 nan	case
5	dachshund	dachshund	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 looks	nsubj
6	looks	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	like	like	ADP	_	9 sausage	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 sausage	det
9	sausage	sausage	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 looks	obl
10	on	on	ADP	_	11 legs	case
11	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 sausage	nmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 make	punct
13	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	16 make	advmod
14	'd	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	16 make	aux
15	anyone	anyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	16 make	nsubj
16	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 looks	conj
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 dog	det
18	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 make	obj
19	like	like	ADP	_	20 that	case
20	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	16 make	obl
21	??	??	PUNCT	_	6 looks	punct
22	»	»	PUNCT	_	6 looks	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	look in a quote	present	my nan's dachshund					like a sausage on legs	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
2	make in a quote	would	anyone	a dog				like that	vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dog=Product

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is the real reason?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 reason	det
4	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 reason	amod
5	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the real reason						tree rules

The options

Option 1

It is a cross between a dog and a ferret, which is why it is so long

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 cross	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 cross	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 cross	det
4	cross	cross	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 long	nsubj
5	between	between	ADP	_	7 dog	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 dog	det
7	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cross	nmod
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 ferret	cc
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 ferret	det
10	ferret	ferret	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cross	conj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 why	punct
12	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 why	nsubj
13	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 why	cop
14	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	10 ferret	acl:relcl
15	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 why	nsubj
16	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 long	cop
17	so	so	ADV	_	18 long	advmod
18	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a cross and a ferret	between a dog	tree rules
2	is	present	a ferret		why property	tree rules
3	is	present	a cross and a ferret		long property	tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Hunters wanted a dog that could follow badgers into their burrows

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hunters	hunter	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 wanted	nsubj
2	wanted	want	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 dog	det
4	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 wanted	obj
5	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 follow	nsubj
6	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 follow	aux
7	follow	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 dog	acl:relcl
8	badgers	badger	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 follow	obj
9	into	into	ADP	_	11 burrows	case
10	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 burrows	nmod:poss
11	burrows	burrow	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 follow	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	want	past	Hunters	a dog					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot dog=Theme
2	follow	could	a dog	badgers		Hunters's burrows			vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent badger=Theme into burrow=Trajectory

Option 3

Short legs stop it running away from home

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Short	short	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 legs	amod
2	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 stop	nsubj
3	stop	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 stop	obj
5	running	run	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 stop	xcomp
6	away	away	ADV	_	5 running	advmod
7	from	from	ADP	_	8 home	case
8	home	home	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 running	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stop	present	Short legs	it					tree rules
2	run away	gerund	Short legs not said here			home		away property	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from home=Trajectory

Option 4

It was made for sitting on laps and fitting under small chairs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 made	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 made	aux:pass
3	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	for	for	SCONJ	_	5 sitting	mark
5	sitting	sit	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 made	advcl
6	on	on	ADP	_	7 laps	case
7	laps	lap	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 sitting	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 fitting	cc
9	fitting	fit	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 sitting	conj
10	under	under	ADP	_	12 chairs	case
11	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 chairs	amod
12	chairs	chair	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 fitting	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	roles by
1	make	past · passive	It		vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
2	sit	gerund		laps	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on lap=Location
3	fit	gerund		small chairs	vn funnel-9.3-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent under chair=Trajectory

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds/t1/