Exam question 1 · Dogs: from wolves to hundreds of breeds

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the relationship between the chihuahua and the Great Dane?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: relationship

This is exam question 1 of lesson 192 «Dogs: from wolves to hundreds of breeds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 relationship	det
10	relationship	relationship	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	between	between	ADP	_	13 chihuahua	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 chihuahua	det
13	chihuahua	chihuahua	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 relationship	nmod
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 Dane	cc
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 Dane	det
16	Great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 Dane	amod
17	Dane	Dane	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 chihuahua	conj
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the relationship				of the following statements; between the chihuahua and the Great Dane; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

They are members of distinct species descended from distinct wild ancestors

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 members	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 members	cop
3	members	member	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 species	case
5	distinct	distinct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 species	amod
6	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 members	nmod
7	descended	descend	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 members	acl
8	from	from	ADP	_	11 ancestors	case
9	distinct	distinct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 ancestors	amod
10	wild	wild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 ancestors	amod
11	ancestors	ancestor	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 descended	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	They	members				of distinct species	tree rules
2	descend	participle		members not said here		distinct wild ancestors			vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from ancestor=Location

Option 2

They are members of a single breed differing only in age

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 members	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 members	cop
3	members	member	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 breed	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 breed	det
6	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 breed	amod
7	breed	breed	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 members	nmod
8	differing	differ	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 members	acl
9	only	only	ADV	_	11 age	advmod
10	in	in	ADP	_	11 age	case
11	age	age	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 differing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	They	members				of a single breed	tree rules
2	differ	gerund	members not said here				in age		vn correspond-36.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

They are members of a single species, differing by reason of selective breeding by man

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 members	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 members	cop
3	members	member	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 species	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 species	det
6	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 species	amod
7	species	species	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 members	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 differing	punct
9	differing	differ	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 members	acl
10	by	by	ADP	_	11 reason	case
11	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 differing	obl
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 breeding	case
13	selective	selective	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 breeding	amod
14	breeding	breeding	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 reason	nmod
15	by	by	ADP	_	16 man	case
16	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 differing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	They	members				of a single species	tree rules
2	differ	gerund	members not said here					by reason of selective breeding; by man	vn correspond-36.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

They are members of the same genus but cannot interbreed in principle

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 members	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 members	cop
3	members	member	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 genus	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 genus	det
6	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 genus	amod
7	genus	genus	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 members	nmod
8	but	but	CCONJ	_	11 interbreed	cc
9	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 interbreed	aux
10	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	11 interbreed	advmod
11	interbreed	interbreed	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 members	conj
12	in	in	ADP	_	13 principle	case
13	principle	principle	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 interbreed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	They	members				of the same genus	tree rules
2	not interbreed	can	They not said here			principle			tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds/e1/