Exam question 4 · How a dog thinks: a world of smells, sounds and faces

Ascertain the significance of a warm and dry nose in a dog which is otherwise behaving normally.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, dog · What happens: ascertain, behave · To what, where: significance

This is exam question 4 of lesson 193 «How a dog thinks: a world of smells, sounds and faces» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 significance	det
3	significance	significance	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	9 nose	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 nose	det
6	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 nose	amod
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 dry	cc
8	dry	dry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 warm	conj
9	nose	nose	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 significance	nmod
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 dog	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 dog	det
12	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 nose	nmod
13	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	16 behaving	nsubj
14	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 behaving	aux
15	otherwise	otherwise	ADV	_	16 behaving	advmod
16	behaving	behave	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	12 dog	acl:relcl
17	normally	normally	ADV	_	16 behaving	advmod
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the significance of a warm nose in a dog					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent significance=Topic
2	behave	present · progressive	a dog					normally, otherwise property	vn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It is a certain indication of blindness

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 indication	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 indication	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 indication	det
4	certain	certain	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 indication	amod
5	indication	indication	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 blindness	case
7	blindness	blindness	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 indication	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a certain indication				of blindness	tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

It is not in itself a reliable indication of illness

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 itself	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 itself	cop
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 itself	advmod
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 itself	case
5	itself	itself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	root	root
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 indication	det
7	reliable	reliable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 indication	amod
8	indication	indication	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 itself	appos
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 illness	case
10	illness	illness	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 indication	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not is	present	It			itself = it			tree rules
2	indicate			illness					nom indication «communication transitive»: of=patient

Option 3

It indicates the loss of the sense of smell

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 indicates	nsubj
2	indicates	indicate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 loss	det
4	loss	loss	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 indicates	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 sense	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 sense	det
7	sense	sense	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 loss	nmod
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 smell	case
9	smell	smell	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 sense	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	indicate	present	It	the loss of the sense of smell					vn indicate-78-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot loss=Topic
2	sense			smell					nom sense «cognition transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

It is a certain indication of fever, requiring the immediate attention of a veterinary surgeon

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 indication	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 indication	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 indication	det
4	certain	certain	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 indication	amod
5	indication	indication	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 fever	case
7	fever	fever	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 indication	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 requiring	punct
9	requiring	require	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 indication	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 attention	det
11	immediate	immediate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 attention	amod
12	attention	attention	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 requiring	obj
13	of	of	ADP	_	16 surgeon	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 surgeon	det
15	veterinary	veterinary	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 surgeon	compound
16	surgeon	surgeon	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 attention	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a certain indication	of fever	tree rules
2	require	gerund	a certain indication not said here	the immediate attention of a veterinary surgeon		vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme attention=Precondition
3	attend		a veterinary surgeon			nom attention «cognition intransitive»: of=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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