Exam question 1 · Training a dog with rewards and patience

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises positive reinforcement?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: positive reinforcement

This is exam question 1 of lesson 195 «Training a dog with rewards and patience» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	positive	positive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 reinforcement	amod
10	reinforcement	reinforcement	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		positive reinforcement				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

A punishment which follows an action renders that action more probable on every occasion

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 punishment	det
2	punishment	punishment	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 follows	nsubj
4	follows	follow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 punishment	acl:relcl
5	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 renders	det
6	action	action	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 renders	compound
7	renders	render	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 follows	obj
8	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 probable	nsubj
9	action	action	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 probable	nsubj
10	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	11 probable	advmod
11	probable	probable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 renders	acl:relcl
12	on	on	ADP	_	14 occasion	case
13	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	14 occasion	det
14	occasion	occasion	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 probable	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	present	a punishment	a action renders					vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent render=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

A reward which follows an action renders that action more probable

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 reward	det
2	reward	reward	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 follows	nsubj
4	follows	follow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 reward	acl:relcl
5	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 renders	det
6	action	action	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 renders	compound
7	renders	render	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 follows	obj
8	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 action	det
9	action	action	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 renders	nmod:unmarked
10	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	11 probable	advmod
11	probable	probable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 follows	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	present	a reward	a action renders that action					vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent render=Theme

Option 3

It is applicable exclusively to young dogs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 applicable	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 applicable	cop
3	applicable	applicable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	3 applicable	advmod
5	to	to	ADP	_	7 dogs	case
6	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 dogs	amod
7	dogs	dog	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 applicable	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					to young dogs; applicable, exclusively property	tree rules

Option 4

It operates only upon fish

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 operates	nsubj
2	operates	operate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	5 fish	advmod
4	upon	upon	ADP	_	5 fish	case
5	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 operates	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	operate	present	It	fish					vn function-105.2.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Theme fish=Attribute

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/195-training-a-dog-with-rewards-and-patience/e1/