Exam question 3 · Training a dog with rewards and patience

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the training of elderly dogs.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern, train · To what, where: response, training, elderly dogs

This is exam question 3 of lesson 195 «Training a dog with rewards and patience» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 training	det
11	training	training	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 dogs	case
13	elderly	elderly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 dogs	amod
14	dogs	dog	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 training	nmod
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the training of elderly dogs		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus training=Experiencer
4	train			elderly dogs		nom training «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Only tricks acquired in youth may be performed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	2 tricks	advmod
2	tricks	trick	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 performed	nsubj:pass
3	acquired	acquire	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 tricks	acl
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 youth	case
5	youth	youth	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 acquired	obl
6	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 performed	aux
7	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 performed	aux:pass
8	performed	perform	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	acquire	participle		tricks not said here		youth			vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
2	perform	may · passive		tricks					vn performance-26.7 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Elderly dogs remain capable of learning, and such training benefits them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Elderly	elderly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 dogs	amod
2	dogs	dog	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 remain	nsubj
3	remain	remain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	capable	capable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 remain	xcomp
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 learning	case
6	learning	learning	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 capable	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 benefits	punct
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 benefits	cc
9	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 training	amod
10	training	training	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 benefits	nsubj
11	benefits	benefit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 remain	conj
12	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 benefits	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	remain	present	Elderly dogs					capable property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	benefit	present	such training	dogs = dog					vn benefit-72.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer they=Beneficiary

Option 3

Elderly dogs are wholly incapable of learning

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Elderly	elderly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 dogs	amod
2	dogs	dog	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 incapable	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 incapable	cop
4	wholly	wholly	ADV	_	5 incapable	advmod
5	incapable	incapable	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 learning	case
7	learning	learning	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 incapable	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Elderly dogs	incapable				of learning; wholly property	tree rules

Option 4

Training is injurious to dogs exceeding five years of age

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Training	training	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 injurious	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 injurious	cop
3	injurious	injurious	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	5 dogs	case
5	dogs	dog	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 injurious	obl
6	exceeding	exceed	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 dogs	acl
7	five	five	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 years	nummod
8	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 exceeding	obj
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 age	case
10	age	age	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 years	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Training					to dogs; injurious property	tree rules
2	exceed	gerund	dogs not said here				year		vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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