Test 2 · ★★ · Leopards, jaguars, cheetahs and the house cat
A zoo book shows big rosettes with spots inside and says leopard, from Africa. What is wrong?
Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: zoo book · What happens: show, say, be · To what, where: big rosettes, leopard, Africa · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 2 · ★★ of lesson 20 «Leopards, jaguars, cheetahs and the house cat» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: A zoo book shows big rosettes with spots inside and says leopard, from Africa.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 book | det |
| 2 | zoo | zoo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 book | compound |
| 3 | book | book | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 shows | nsubj |
| 4 | shows | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 rosettes | amod |
| 6 | rosettes | rosette | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 shows | obj |
| 7 | with | with | ADP | _ | 8 spots | case |
| 8 | spots | spot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 rosettes | nmod |
| 9 | inside | inside | ADV | _ | 8 spots | advmod |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 says | cc |
| 11 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 shows | conj |
| 12 | leopard | leopard | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 says | obj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 Africa | punct |
| 14 | from | from | ADP | _ | 15 Africa | case |
| 15 | Africa | Africa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 says | obl |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 shows | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | show | present | a zoo book | big rosettes | with spots | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent rosette=Recipient | |||
| 2 | say speech: assert | present | a zoo book not said here | leopard | Africa | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent leopard=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What is wrong?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 3 wrong | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 wrong | cop |
| 3 | wrong | wrong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 wrong | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | wrong property | tree rules |
The options
Option 1
Leopards have stripes, not spots
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Leopards | leopard | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 have | nsubj |
| 2 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | stripes | stripe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 have | obj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 spots | punct |
| 5 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 6 spots | advmod |
| 6 | spots | spot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 stripes | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | Leopards | stripes and spots | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stripe=Patient |
Option 2 · ← Mova's choice
Leopards live only in the Americas, so it must be from South America
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Leopards | leopard | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 live | nsubj |
| 2 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | only | only | ADV | _ | 2 live | advmod |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 Americas | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 Americas | det |
| 6 | Americas | AMERICAS | PROPN | Number=Plur | 2 live | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 America | punct |
| 8 | so | so | ADV | _ | 14 America | advmod |
| 9 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 America | nsubj |
| 10 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 14 America | aux |
| 11 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 14 America | cop |
| 12 | from | from | ADP | _ | 14 America | case |
| 13 | South | South | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 America | compound |
| 14 | America | America | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 live | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | present | Leopards | the Americas | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in americas=Location | ||||
| 2 | is | must | it | South America | tree rules |
Option 3
Nothing, that is a leopard
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | root | root |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 leopard | punct |
| 3 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 6 leopard | nsubj |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 leopard | cop |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 leopard | det |
| 6 | leopard | leopard | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Nothing | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | that | a leopard | tree rules |
Option 4 · ✓ the right answer
Those rosettes belong to a jaguar, which lives in the Americas
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Those | that | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 2 rosettes | det |
| 2 | rosettes | rosette | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 belong | nsubj |
| 3 | belong | belong | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 jaguar | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 jaguar | det |
| 6 | jaguar | jaguar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 belong | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 lives | punct |
| 8 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 lives | nsubj |
| 9 | lives | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 jaguar | acl:relcl |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 Americas | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 Americas | det |
| 12 | Americas | AMERICAS | PROPN | Number=Plur | 9 lives | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | belong | present | that rosettes | to a jaguar | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | live | present | a jaguar | the Americas | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in americas=Location |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/20-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat/t2/