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Test 7 · ★★ · The fish tank: water, gills, heaters and the right neighbo…

In a cartoon two fish chat and breathe bubbles of air out of their mouths. How do real fish breathe?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: two fish, real fish · What happens: chat, breathe · To what, where: cartoon, bubbles, mouths

This is test 7 · ★★ of lesson 203 «The fish tank: water, gills, heaters and the right neighbours» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon two fish chat and breathe bubbles of air out of their mouths.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 chat	obl
4	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 fish	nummod
5	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 chat	nsubj
6	chat	chat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 breathe	cc
8	breathe	breathe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 chat	conj
9	bubbles	bubble	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 breathe	obj
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 air	case
11	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 bubbles	nmod
12	out	out	ADP	_	15 mouths	case
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 mouths	case
14	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 mouths	nmod:poss
15	mouths	mouth	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 breathe	obl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 chat	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	chat speech: other	present	two fish			a cartoon			vn chit_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	breathe	present	two fish not said here	bubbles of air		fish's mouths			vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bubble=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: How do real fish breathe?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	How	how	ADV	PronType=Int	3 real	advmod
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 real	aux
3	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 fish	amod
4	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 breathe	nsubj
5	breathe	breathe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 breathe	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	breathe	present	real fish						vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

The options

Option 1

They breathe through their tails

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 breathe	nsubj
2	breathe	breathe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	through	through	ADP	_	5 tails	case
4	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 tails	nmod:poss
5	tails	tail	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 breathe	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	breathe	present	They			their tails			vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2

They breathe the little air bubbles they make with their mouths

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 breathe	nsubj
2	breathe	breathe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 bubbles	det
4	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 bubbles	amod
5	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 bubbles	compound
6	bubbles	bubble	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 breathe	obj
7	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 make	nsubj
8	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 bubbles	acl:relcl
9	with	with	ADP	_	11 mouths	case
10	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 mouths	nmod:poss
11	mouths	mouth	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 make	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	breathe	present	They	the little air bubbles					vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bubble=Theme
2	make	present	bubbles = bubble	the little air bubbles not said here				with bubbles's mouths	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset bubble=Product

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

They take oxygen out of the water through their gills

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 take	nsubj
2	take	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 take	obj
4	out	out	ADP	_	7 water	case
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 water	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 water	det
7	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 take	obl
8	through	through	ADP	_	10 gills	case
9	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 gills	nmod:poss
10	gills	gill	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 take	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	take	present	They	oxygen		the water		through their gills	vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent oxygen=Theme out water=Initial_Location

Option 4

They hold their breath all day

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 hold	nsubj
2	hold	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 breath	nmod:poss
4	breath	breath	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 hold	obj
5	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 day	det
6	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 hold	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hold	present	They	their breath			day		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breath=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/203-the-fish-tank-water-gills-heaters-and-the-right-neighbours/t7/