Exam question 4 · Budgies and canaries

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the diet of the budgerigar.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, diet

This is exam question 4 of lesson 205 «Budgies and canaries» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 diet	det
11	diet	diet	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 budgerigar	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 budgerigar	det
14	budgerigar	budgerigar	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 diet	nmod
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the diet of the budgerigar		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus diet=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Budgerigars require no food whatsoever when kept indoors in winter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Budgerigars	budgerigar	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 require	nsubj
2	require	require	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 food	det
4	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 require	obj
5	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	_	2 require	advmod
6	when	when	SCONJ	_	7 kept	mark
7	kept	keep	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 require	advcl
8	indoors	indoors	ADV	_	7 kept	advmod
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 winter	case
10	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 kept	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	require	present	Budgerigars	no food				whatsoever property	vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme food=Precondition
2	keep	participle	Budgerigars not said here				winter	indoors property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 2

Meat ought to be supplied daily

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Meat	meat	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 supplied	nsubj:pass
2	ought	ought	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 supplied	aux
3	to	to	PART	_	5 supplied	mark
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 supplied	aux:pass
5	supplied	supply	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	daily	daily	ADV	_	5 supplied	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	supply	ought · passive		Meat				daily property	vn fulfilling-13.4.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Recipient

Option 3

A diet consisting solely of seeds is ideal for the health of the bird

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 diet	det
2	diet	diet	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 ideal	nsubj
3	consisting	consist	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 diet	acl
4	solely	solely	ADV	_	3 consisting	advmod
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 seeds	case
6	seeds	seed	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 consisting	obl
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 ideal	cop
8	ideal	ideal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
9	for	for	ADP	_	11 health	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 health	det
11	health	health	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 ideal	obl
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 bird	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 bird	det
14	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 health	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	consist	gerund	a diet not said here					of seeds; solely property	tree rules
2	is	present	a diet					for the health of the bird; ideal property	tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Seeds alone are insufficient, and vegetables and pellets are also required

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Seeds	seed	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 insufficient	nsubj
2	alone	alone	ADV	_	1 Seeds	advmod
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 insufficient	cop
4	insufficient	insufficient	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 required	punct
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 required	cc
7	vegetables	vegetable	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 required	nsubj:pass
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 pellets	cc
9	pellets	pellet	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 vegetables	conj
10	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 required	aux:pass
11	also	also	ADV	_	12 required	advmod
12	required	require	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 insufficient	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Seeds					insufficient property	tree rules
2	require	present · passive		vegetables and pellets					vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Precondition

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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