Exam question 1 · Horses and ponies: how they eat, see, sleep and live in he…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the sleeping habits of the domestic horse?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: sleeping habits

This is exam question 1 of lesson 207 «Horses and ponies: how they eat, see, sleep and live in herds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 habits	det
10	sleeping	sleeping	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 habits	compound
11	habits	habit	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	15 horse	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 horse	det
14	domestic	domestic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 horse	amod
15	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 habits	nmod
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the sleeping habits of the domestic horse				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The horse abstains from sleep entirely

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 horse	det
2	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 abstains	nsubj
3	abstains	abstain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	5 sleep	case
5	sleep	sleep	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 abstains	obl
6	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	3 abstains	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	abstain	present	the horse			sleep		entirely property	vn refrain-69 «NP V PP.theme S_ING»: agent=Agent from sleep=Eventuality

Option 2

The horse sleeps only during the winter months

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 horse	det
2	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sleeps	nsubj
3	sleeps	sleep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	only	only	ADV	_	8 months	advmod
5	during	during	ADP	_	8 months	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 months	det
7	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 months	compound
8	months	month	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 sleeps	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sleep	present	the horse				month		vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The animal may doze erect by means of locking joints, yet requires brief recumbent periods for deep sleep

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 animal	det
2	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 doze	nsubj
3	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 doze	aux
4	doze	doze	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	erect	erect	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 means	nsubj
6	by	by	ADP	_	5 erect	fixed
7	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 doze	ccomp
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 joints	case
9	locking	lock	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 joints	amod
10	joints	joint	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 means	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 requires	punct
12	yet	yet	CCONJ	_	13 requires	cc
13	requires	require	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 doze	parataxis
14	brief	brief	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 periods	amod
15	recumbent	recumbent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 periods	amod
16	periods	period	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 requires	obj
17	for	for	ADP	_	19 sleep	case
18	deep	deep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 sleep	amod
19	sleep	sleep	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 requires	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	doze	may	the animal			tree rules
2	mean	present	erect		of locking joints	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
3	lock	gerund				vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
4	require	present		brief recumbent periods	for deep sleep	vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme period=Precondition

Option 4

The horse sleeps exclusively while lying down for twelve hours

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 horse	det
2	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sleeps	nsubj
3	sleeps	sleep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	3 sleeps	advmod
5	while	while	SCONJ	_	6 lying	mark
6	lying	lie	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 sleeps	advcl
7	down	down	ADV	_	6 lying	advmod
8	for	for	ADP	_	10 hours	case
9	twelve	twelve	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	10 hours	nummod
10	hours	hour	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 lying	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sleep	present	the horse					exclusively property	vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	lie down	gerund	the horse not said here				hour	down property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/207-horses-and-ponies-how-they-eat-see-sleep-and-live-in-herds/e1/