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Exam question 3 · Horses and ponies: how they eat, see, sleep and live in he…

It is given that a horse has its ears laid flat against its head. Ascertain the correct interpretation.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: horse, you · What happens: give, have, lay, ascertain · To what, where: It, ears, head, correct interpretation

This is exam question 3 of lesson 207 «Horses and ponies: how they eat, see, sleep and live in herds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is given that a horse has its ears laid flat against its head.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	7 has	mark
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 horse	det
6	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 has	nsubj
7	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	advcl
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 ears	nmod:poss
9	ears	ear	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 has	obj
10	laid	lay	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 ears	acl
11	flat	flat	ADV	_	10 laid	advmod
12	against	against	ADP	_	14 head	case
13	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 head	nmod:poss
14	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 laid	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	have	present	a horse	horse's ears					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ear=Patient
3	lay	participle		horse's ears not said here		horse's head		flat property	vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent against head=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Ascertain the correct interpretation.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 interpretation	det
3	correct	correct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 interpretation	amod
4	interpretation	interpretation	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
5	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the correct interpretation					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent interpretation=Topic

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The animal is about to fall asleep

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 animal	det
2	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 about	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 about	cop
4	about	about	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 fall	mark
6	fall	fall	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 about	xcomp
7	asleep	asleep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 fall	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the animal					about property	tree rules
2	fall	to-infinitive	the animal not said here					asleep property	vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

The animal is attending to distant music

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 animal	det
2	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 attending	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 attending	aux
4	attending	attend	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	to	to	ADP	_	7 music	case
6	distant	distant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 music	amod
7	music	music	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 attending	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	attend	present · progressive	the animal					to distant music	vn caring-75.2-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent to music=Theme

Option 3

The animal is content and relaxed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 animal	det
2	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 content	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 content	cop
4	content	content	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 relaxed	cc
6	relaxed	relaxed	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 content	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the animal					content property	tree rules
2	be		the animal not said here						tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The animal is angered or annoyed and is issuing a warning

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 animal	det
2	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 angered	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 angered	aux:pass
4	angered	anger	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	or	or	CCONJ	_	6 annoyed	cc
6	annoyed	annoyed	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 angered	conj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 issuing	cc
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 issuing	aux
9	issuing	issue	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 angered	conj
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 warning	det
11	warning	warning	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 issuing	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	anger	present · passive		the animal					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer
2	issue	present · progressive		a warning					vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location warning=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/207-horses-and-ponies-how-they-eat-see-sleep-and-live-in-herds/e3/