Exam question 4 · Horses and ponies: how they eat, see, sleep and live in he…

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the positioning of the equine eye.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern, position · To what, where: response, positioning, equine eye

This is exam question 4 of lesson 207 «Horses and ponies: how they eat, see, sleep and live in herds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 positioning	det
11	positioning	positioning	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	15 eye	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 eye	det
14	equine	equine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 eye	amod
15	eye	eye	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 positioning	nmod
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the positioning of the equine eye		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus positioning=Experiencer
4	position			the equine eye		nom positioning «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The positioning of the eyes serves solely to discern colour

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 positioning	det
2	positioning	positioning	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 serves	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 eyes	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 eyes	det
5	eyes	eye	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 positioning	nmod
6	serves	serve	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	solely	solely	ADV	_	6 serves	advmod
8	to	to	PART	_	9 discern	mark
9	discern	discern	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 serves	xcomp
10	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 discern	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	serve	present	the positioning of the eyes		solely property	tree rules
2	discern	to-infinitive	the positioning of the eyes not said here	colour		vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer colour=Stimulus
3	position			the eyes		nom positioning «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 2

The horse perceives everything clearly directly behind itself and above its head

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 horse	det
2	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 perceives	nsubj
3	perceives	perceive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	everything	everything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	3 perceives	obj
5	clearly	clearly	ADV	_	6 directly	advmod
6	directly	directly	ADV	_	8 itself	advmod
7	behind	behind	ADP	_	8 itself	case
8	itself	itself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	3 perceives	obl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 head	cc
10	above	above	ADP	_	12 head	case
11	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 head	nmod:poss
12	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 itself	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	perceive	present	the horse	everything				behind horse	vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer everything=Stimulus

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Lateral eyes afford near all-round vision, with blind regions before the nose and behind the body

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Lateral	lateral	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 eyes	amod
2	eyes	eye	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 afford	nsubj
3	afford	afford	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	near	near	ADP	_	8 vision	case
5	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	8 vision	det
6	-	-	PUNCT	_	5 all	punct
7	round	round	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 vision	amod
8	vision	vision	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 afford	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 regions	punct
10	with	with	ADP	_	12 regions	case
11	blind	blind	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 regions	amod
12	regions	region	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 afford	obl
13	before	before	ADP	_	15 nose	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 nose	det
15	nose	nose	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 afford	obl
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 body	cc
17	behind	behind	ADP	_	19 body	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 body	det
19	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 nose	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	afford	infinitive	Lateral eyes			all round vision	before the nose and the body	with blind regions	tree rules

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

The eyes afford no vision to the side

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 eyes	det
2	eyes	eye	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 afford	nsubj
3	afford	afford	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	5 vision	det
5	vision	vision	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 afford	obj
6	to	to	ADP	_	8 side	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 side	det
8	side	side	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 afford	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	afford	infinitive	the eyes	no vision				to the side	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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