Exam question 2 · Hooves, riding and caring for a horse, plus donkeys and mu…

Identify the principal reason for which colic constitutes a grave danger to the horse.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, colic · What happens: identify, constitute · To what, where: principal reason, grave danger

This is exam question 2 of lesson 208 «Hooves, riding and caring for a horse, plus donkeys and mules» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 constitutes	obl
7	colic	colic	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 constitutes	nsubj
8	constitutes	constitute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 reason	acl:relcl
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 danger	det
10	grave	grave	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 danger	compound
11	danger	danger	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 constitutes	obj
12	to	to	ADP	_	14 horse	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 horse	det
14	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 constitutes	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	constitute	present	colic	a grave danger				for the principal reason; to the horse	vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme danger=Pivot

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The horse vomits continuously in consequence, losing the greater part of its body water within a few hours

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 horse	det
2	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 vomits	nsubj
3	vomits	vomit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	continuously	continuously	ADV	_	3 vomits	advmod
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 consequence	case
6	consequence	consequence	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 vomits	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 losing	punct
8	losing	lose	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 vomits	advcl
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 part	det
10	greater	great	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	11 part	amod
11	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 losing	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	15 water	case
13	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 water	nmod:poss
14	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 water	compound
15	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 part	nmod
16	within	within	ADP	_	19 hours	case
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 hours	det
18	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 hours	amod
19	hours	hour	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 losing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	vomit	present	the horse			consequence		continuously property	vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	lose	gerund	the horse not said here	the greater part of horse's body water			hour		vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Eventuality

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The animal is unable to vomit, owing to a muscle permitting the passage of food in one direction only

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 animal	det
2	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 unable	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 unable	cop
4	unable	unable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 vomit	mark
6	vomit	vomit	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 unable	xcomp
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 owing	punct
8	owing	owe	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 unable	advcl
9	to	to	ADP	_	11 muscle	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 muscle	det
11	muscle	muscle	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 owing	obl
12	permitting	permit	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 muscle	acl
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 passage	det
14	passage	passage	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 permitting	obj
15	of	of	ADP	_	16 food	case
16	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 passage	nmod
17	in	in	ADP	_	19 direction	case
18	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	19 direction	nummod
19	direction	direction	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 owing	obl
20	only	only	ADV	_	19 direction	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is	present	the animal			unable property	tree rules
2	vomit	to-infinitive	the animal not said here				vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	owe	gerund	the animal not said here		one direction	to a muscle goal	vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent to muscle=Goal
4	permit	gerund	a muscle not said here	the passage of food			vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent passage=Theme
5	pass		food				nom passage «act intransitive»: of=agent

Option 3

Colic invariably renders the animal blind

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Colic	colic	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 renders	nsubj
2	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	3 renders	advmod
3	renders	render	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 animal	det
5	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 renders	obj
6	blind	blind	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 renders	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	render	present	Colic	the animal				blind, invariably property	vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Theme

Option 4

Colic is a condition peculiar to the hooves

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Colic	colic	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 peculiar	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 peculiar	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 peculiar	det
4	condition	condition	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 peculiar	compound
5	peculiar	peculiar	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	to	to	ADP	_	8 hooves	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 hooves	det
8	hooves	hoove	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 peculiar	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Colic	a condition peculiar				to the hooves	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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