Exam question 2 · Elephants: the trunk and everything it does
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the manner in which an adult elephant ingests water?
Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: adult elephant · What happens: follow, characteris, ingest · To what, where: manner, water
This is exam question 2 of lesson 21 «Elephants: the trunk and everything it does» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 8 characterises | nsubj |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 statements | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 statements | det |
| 4 | following | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 5 statements | amod |
| 5 | statements | statement | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 characterises | obl |
| 6 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 7 accurately | advmod |
| 7 | accurately | accurately | ADV | _ | 8 characterises | advmod |
| 8 | characterises | characteris | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 manner | det |
| 10 | manner | manner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 characterises | obj |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 which | case |
| 12 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 16 ingests | obl |
| 13 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 elephant | det |
| 14 | adult | adult | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 elephant | compound |
| 15 | elephant | elephant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 ingests | nsubj |
| 16 | ingests | ingest | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 manner | acl:relcl |
| 17 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 ingests | obj |
| 18 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 8 characterises | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | follow | gerund | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | characteris | present | the manner | of the following statements; accurately property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | ingest | present | a adult elephant | water | the manner | vn absorb-39.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Goal water=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1
Water is lapped with the tongue in the manner of a dog
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 lapped | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 lapped | aux:pass |
| 3 | lapped | lap | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | with | with | ADP | _ | 6 tongue | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 tongue | det |
| 6 | tongue | tongue | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 lapped | obl |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 manner | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 manner | det |
| 9 | manner | manner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 lapped | obl |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 dog | case |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 dog | det |
| 12 | dog | dog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 manner | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lap | present · passive | Water | with the tongue; in the manner of a dog | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Theme in manner=Attribute |
Option 2 · ← Mova's choice
Water is absorbed through the skin of the feet
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 absorbed | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 absorbed | aux:pass |
| 3 | absorbed | absorb | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | through | through | ADP | _ | 6 skin | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 skin | det |
| 6 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 absorbed | obl |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 feet | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 feet | det |
| 9 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 skin | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | absorb | present · passive | Water | the skin of the feet | vn absorb-39.8 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
Option 3
Water passes directly through the trunk into the stomach
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 passes | nsubj |
| 2 | passes | pass | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | directly | directly | ADV | _ | 2 passes | advmod |
| 4 | through | through | ADP | _ | 6 trunk | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 trunk | det |
| 6 | trunk | trunk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 passes | obl |
| 7 | into | into | ADP | _ | 9 stomach | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 stomach | det |
| 9 | stomach | stomach | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 passes | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pass | present | Water | the trunk | into the stomach; directly property | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme through trunk=Initial_Location into stomach=Destination |
Option 4 · ✓ the right answer
Water is drawn into the trunk and subsequently expelled into the mouth
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 drawn | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 drawn | aux:pass |
| 3 | drawn | draw | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | into | into | ADP | _ | 6 trunk | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 trunk | det |
| 6 | trunk | trunk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 drawn | obl |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 expelled | cc |
| 8 | subsequently | subsequently | ADV | _ | 9 expelled | advmod |
| 9 | expelled | expel | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 drawn | conj |
| 10 | into | into | ADP | _ | 12 mouth | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 mouth | det |
| 12 | mouth | mouth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 expelled | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | draw | present · passive | Water | into the trunk result | vn lure-59.3 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Patient into trunk=Result | ||||
| 2 | expel | participle | the mouth | subsequently property | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/21-elephants-the-trunk/e2/