Test 5 · Elephants: the trunk and everything it does

An Asian elephant tries to pick up a peanut. How is it different from an African elephant?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: Asian elephant, elephant · What happens: try, pick up, be · To what, where: peanut

This is test 5 of lesson 21 «Elephants: the trunk and everything it does» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: An Asian elephant tries to pick up a peanut.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 elephant	det
2	Asian	Asian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 elephant	amod
3	elephant	elephant	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 tries	nsubj
4	tries	try	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 pick	mark
6	pick	pick	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 tries	xcomp
7	up	up	ADP	_	6 pick	compound:prt
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 peanut	det
9	peanut	peanut	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 pick	obj
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 tries	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	try	present	a Asian elephant						vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
2	pick up not said to happen	to-infinitive	a Asian elephant not said here	a peanut					vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent peanut=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: How is it different from an African elephant?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	How	how	ADV	PronType=Int	4 different	advmod
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 different	cop
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 different	nsubj
4	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	from	from	ADP	_	8 elephant	case
6	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 elephant	det
7	African	African	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 elephant	amod
8	elephant	elephant	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 different	obl
9	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 different	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	elephant					from a African elephant; different property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It has one finger-like tip, so it often curls the trunk round things

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 has	nsubj
2	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 tip	nummod
4	finger	finger	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 like	compound
5	-	-	PUNCT	_	4 finger	punct
6	like	like	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 tip	amod
7	tip	tip	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 has	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 curls	punct
9	so	so	ADV	_	12 curls	advmod
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 curls	nsubj
11	often	often	ADV	_	12 curls	advmod
12	curls	curl	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 has	conj
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 trunk	det
14	trunk	trunk	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 curls	obj
15	round	round	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 things	amod
16	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 curls	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	It	one like tip					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tip=Patient
2	curl	present	tip	the trunk				often property	vn rotate-51.9.1-1 «NP.agent V NP.theme NP.extent»: agent=Agent trunk=Theme thing=Extent

Option 2

It has three tips, so it is much quicker

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 has	nsubj
2	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 tips	nummod
4	tips	tip	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 has	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 quicker	punct
6	so	so	ADV	_	10 quicker	advmod
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 quicker	nsubj
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 quicker	cop
9	much	much	ADV	_	10 quicker	advmod
10	quicker	quick	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 has	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	It	three tips					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tip=Patient
2	is	present	it					quick property	tree rules

Option 3

It cannot pick up anything small at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 pick	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 pick	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 pick	advmod
4	pick	pick	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	up	up	ADP	_	4 pick	compound:prt
6	anything	anything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	4 pick	obj
7	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 anything	amod
8	at	at	ADP	_	9 all	case
9	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 pick	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not pick up	can	It	anything		all			vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Topic

Option 4

It uses its tusks instead of its trunk

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 uses	nsubj
2	uses	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 tusks	nmod:poss
4	tusks	tusk	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 uses	obj
5	instead	instead	ADV	ExtPos=ADP	8 trunk	case
6	of	of	ADP	_	5 instead	fixed
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 trunk	nmod:poss
8	trunk	trunk	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 uses	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	present	It	its tusks				instead its trunk	vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tusk=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/21-elephants-the-trunk/t5/